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BIOPSYCHOLOGY - Coggle Diagram
BIOPSYCHOLOGY
SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION
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when the electrical impulse reaches the presynaptic terminal it triggers the release of neurotransmitters from tiny sacs called synaptic vesicles
the neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to receptor sites at the postsynaptic neuron
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neurotransmitters
each different type of neurotransmitter has a specific molecular structure and will therefore only fit the specific postsynaptic receptor sites designed to use it
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when the electrical impulse from one neurone is passed to the next, it has either an exicitatory or inhibitory effect
key terms
summation - the process that determines whether or not an action potential will be triggered at the post synaptic neurone
in order to trigger an action potential, the charge in the postsynaptic neuron must be positive
inhibition - decreases the likelihood the neurone will pass on the electrical impulse. It does this by increasing the negative charge
excitation- increases the likelihood the neurone will pass on the electrical impulse - does this by increasing postive charge
NEURONS
types of neurones
sensory
are found in receptors such as the eyes, ears, tongue and skin and carry nerve impulses to the spinal cord and brain
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neurons
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the axon is a long slender fibre that carries nerve impulses in the form of an elctrical signal known as action potential towards axon terminals
the myelin sheath surrounds the axon and insulates the axon so the electrical impulses travel faster along the axon
the axon terminal connects the neutron to the other neurone using a process called synaptic transmission
LOCALISATION OF FUNCTION
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the brain
mid brain
a portion of the CNS associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake cycle, arousal and temperature regulation
cereal hemisphere
one half of the cerebrum, the part of the brain that controls muscle functions and also controls speech, thought, emotions, reading, writing and learning
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hypothalumus
production of many of the body/s essential hormones, chemical substances that help control different cells and organs
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medualla
carries out and regulates self sustaining functions as breathing, swallowing and HR
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THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
a series of glands that produce and secrete hormones that the body uses for a wide range of functions - hormones are secreted into the bloodstream and affect any cell in the body that has receptors for that particular hormone
pituitary gland
growth hormone
regulates growth, metabolism and body composition serves as the 'master gland' - regulates viral body functions
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flight or fight resposne
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- triggers the amygdala to release distress signal to the hypothalamus
- hypothalamus activates = SAM pathways (sympathomedullary pathway). ANS goes from resting (parasympathetic) to arousal (sympathetic) state
- adrenal medulla (part of adrenal gland) produces adrenaline into bloodstream
- adrenaline triggers physiological changes in body and creates arousal needed for fight or flight
- one stressor/threat has passes, parasympathetic nervous system takes over, triggering rest and digest response
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