law and multiliguism
roman empire
middle ages
medieval latin
vulgar
classical latin
ecclesiastical latin
vulgar latin
latin
5 th 6 th centuries
barbarian invasions
territorial fragmentation
8th century
pepin the short and Charlemagne
return to purity of official Latin language
9 th century
first official documents not in latin
oaths of strasbourg
germans
oral tradition
laws applied to the members of a certain population
shifted to written
latin
they hadn't a written language
kings
tribal alders
notaries
men of the church
Lombards
italy in 568
edict of Rothari
643
gathered together the rules
accessible outside
open to external influence
text modelled on the imperial general laws
novellae
public powers
guardians of technical and legal knowledge
handed down Roman Germanic legal model
formularies
Ronaldina
Ronaldino Bologna 13th century
6 th 9th centuries
anglo-saxon england
old english
less roman influence
seo domboc
king alfred's law code
church
latin
Augustine of Canterboury
first bishop
sent by Gregory the great
disseminated romanist legal knowledge
1066 battle of hastings
norman england
local courts
centralising administration of justice
to reinforce the control of the crown over the country
central courts in london
common laws
french vulgar language
latin
learned
church
canon law
king's chancery
lord chancellor
chancery's formularies
writs
issued from 12 th century
order of the king to the feudal lord or the county sheriff to grant legal protection to one subject's rights againts another
with time other forms
from
decisions in latin
plea rolls
proceedings
latin
testimonies and oaths
vulgar
Carta Capuana (960)
modern period
early
proceedings
elsewhere
france
latin
ordinance of villers cotteret
1539
vulgar
opposed to exisisting and customary rules
reports
from 1292 collected in
Year books
law french
norman legal french
england
legal dialect of english lawyers
1215
magna carta
carta liberatum
libertas = ius
63 clauses
roots of english costitutionalism
11 th and 12 th
Bologna
Irnerius
rediscovery of corpus iuris civilis
digest
codex
intitutions
novels
interpretation trought glossess
taught it
first professional jurists
high earnings
university
other imitates
ius commune
law for the germanic roman empire
heir of
same rules learned in the same ways
same language
glossators
misunderstood latin
construed it in line with contemporary standards
goal
living law
adapt it to contemporary needs
gave ancient terms new content
developped a legal method
masterpieces
Magna Glossa
Summa on the codex by axo
southern France
summa
provencal
lo codi
translated in other vulgar languages