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Week 5 Gerotechnology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - pensioners on fixed income
    - - telecommunicative devices
      - internet access devices
  - - - Troubleshooting
      - :arrow_down: perceived ease of use
    - - :arrow_down: willing to learn to use a complex device
      - :arrow_up: perceived cost for tech
  - - - Discount rates
        
        self-report being :arrow_down: willing to invest time to learn new features of product
        
        Schaie and Willis theory
        
        dont bother with things they do not view as important
        
        :arrow_down: perceived usefulness
        
        :arrow_up: willingness to invest money
      - :arrow_down: confidence, knowledge & information to find out more
    - - technology-specific self-efficacy
        
        belief product can be used successfully
      - time-to-learn costs
        
        :older_man::skin-tone-3: learn slower than younger adults (Salthouse, 2010)
        
        learning how to use novel products :arrow_down: appealing to :older_man::skin-tone-3: based on rational behavioural models
  - - - Smartphones
        
        small screens & virtual keyboards
        
        :arrow_up: taxing on basic cognitive, perceptual, psychomotor activities for :older_man::skin-tone-3:
    - - pain & breathing difficulty => :arrow_up: likelihood of tech use
        
        powerful motivator that :arrow_up: perceived usefulness
  - - - possible to monitor virtually all electronic communications (eg. NSA)
      - permission to be tracked is condition for downloading "free" smartphone apps
    - - weight benefits of ceding privacy more highly
        
        :arrow_up: disabled => :arrow_up: willingness to accept loss of privacy in exchange for tech benefits
        
        independence
        
        :arrow_up: quality of life
      - :arrow_up: concern for privacy (2009 survey)
        
        lack knowledge on safeguarding privacy (eg. clear history, block cookies)
  - - - visual impairment
      - shaky hands
  - - - older adults are digitally unprepared, needing help and passive users
- - - - identifying the need
      - buying the item
    - - choosing & downloading suitable apps
      - solving technical problems
      - teaching how to use apps
- - - - :two: Persuasion
        
        :three: Decision
        
        :four: Implementation
        
        :five: Confirmation
        
        reevaluation of outcome of adopting tech
        
        decision made to maintain or discontinue tech use
        
        tech incorporated into individual's life
        
        tech pros & cons are weighted
        
        decision is made to adopt or reject tech
        
        individual forms :heavy_plus_sign: or :heavy_minus_sign: of tech
        
        Internal factors
        
        perceived difficulty
        
        perceived advantages
        
        Situational factors
        
        chance to observe others using tech
        
        chance to try using tech
      - obtaining basic knowledge of tech existence & what it does
- - - - Actual usage
- - - - relates to attention, recognition & memory
      - :older_man::skin-tone-3: may have :arrow_down: working memory and attention spans
      - Design Features
        
        avoid animations and fast-moving objects
        
        employing pictures & graphics strategically
    - - language used on UI
      - providing clear instructions when presenting error messages
        
        Username & password do not match
        vs
        you cannot login to the app
        
        WDGeneralNetworkError error 500
        vs
        Network connection lost
    - - relate to execution of motor skills
      - Challenges
        
        :older_man::skin-tone-3: have difficulties performing complex finger movements
        
        not intuitively understood
      - Design Features
        
        avoid pull-down gestures
        
        avoid gestures (eg. scrolling)
    - - flow & space of :iphone: structure
      - Design Features
        
        narrow, simple, straightforward UI navigation structure
        
        step-by-step guidance provided when possible
        
        due to less options to consider at each step
    - - formatting & visual representations
      - :older_man::skin-tone-3: w visual impairment
        
        rods & cones cannot process bright colours :rainbow: efficiently
      - Design features
        
        Colour
        
        muted or conservative
        
        limit colour types to 4
        
        Text
        
        sans serif (no small lines at edges)
        
        noncondensed typefaces
        
        left justified and nonitalic
        
        12 to 14 point fonts
        
        Icons
        
        simple and meaningful
    - - Design features
        
        easy to fine tune volume
        
        easy to change text size directly from screen
        
        avoid :arrow_up: contrasting backgrounds
      - relate to human perceptual system
      - :older_man::skin-tone-3: may have impaired hearing & vision
- - - - 54% of older adults learn from family members
    - - residents aged ≥ 60
        
        internet usage increased a lot from 42% (2017) to 78% (2022)
        
        smartphone ownership increased from 74% (2017) to 89% (2022)
    - - :arrow_up: uptake of in telehealth services among :older_man::skin-tone-3:
        
        Geriatric center (≈ 42% of visits)
        
        general medicine consultations (≈ 24% of visits)
  - - - % of adults in age group on social media
        
        :arrow_down: gap on Facebook
        
        18-29 yrs: 70%
        
        65+ yrs: 50%
        
        large age gap in social media like Snapchat and Instagram
        
        18-29 yrs:
        
        65% (SC)
        
        71% (IG)
        
        48% (TT)
        
        95% (YT)
        
        65+ yrs:
        
        2% (SC)
        
        13% (IG)
        
        4% (TT)
        
        49% (YT)
      - CONSTANTLY ONLINE
        
        only 8% of adults ≥ 65
        
        Almost 50% of people aged 18-29 say they are constantly online