Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
COMPUTER HARDWARE - Coggle Diagram
COMPUTER HARDWARE
STORAGE DRIVE
read or write information to magnetic storage media
may be fixed or removable.
Hard disk drive (HDD)
a magnetic storage device
The storage capacity is measured in gigabytes (GB) or terabytes (TB).
Hard drive speed is measured in RPM (revolutions per minute).
Magnetic hard drives have drive motors designed to spin magnetic platters and move the drive heads.
Solid state drives (SSDs) do not have moving parts, which results in:
faster access to data
higher reliability
reduce power usage
OPTICAL DRIVES, FLASH DRIVES & DRIVES INTERFACES
Magnetic tapes are most often used for backups or archiving data.
OPTICAL DRIVES
storage device that uses lasers to read data on the optical media.
CD
DVD
BD (Blu-ray)
FLASH DRIVES
removable storage device that connects to a USB port.
uses a type of memory that requires no power to maintain the data.
Common drive interfaces are:
Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE)
Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics (EIDE)
Parallel ATA (PATA)
Serial ATA (SATA) and External SATA (eSATA)
Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)
MOTHERBOARD
the main printed circuit board
contains the buses or electrical pathways found in a computer-buses allow data to travel among the various components
The amount of memory that can be installed and type of connectors that will be on the motherboard are determined by the chipset.
accommodates CPU, RAM, expansion slots, heat sink/fan assembly, BIOS chip, chipset, sockets, internal and external connectors, various ports, and the embedded wires that interconnect the motherboard components
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)
temporary storage for data and programs that are being accessed by the CPU.
volatile memory, which means that the contents are erased when the computer is powered off.
The higher the RAM, the better the performance, the larger the capacity.
MOTHERBOARD FORM FACTOR
pertains to the size and shape of the board.
describes the physical layout of the different components and devices on the motherboard.
Various form factors exist for motherboards
ADAPTER AND EXPANSION CARD
Adapter cards increase the functionality of a computer by adding controllers for specific devices or by replacing malfunctioning ports.
EXAMPLES OF ADPATER CARD:
sound adapter and video adapter
USB, parallel, and serial ports
Network Interface Card (NIC), wireless NIC, and modem adapter
TYPES OF EXPANSION SLOTS
Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)
Advanced Graphics Port (AGP)
PCI-Express
Mini PCI (laptops)
READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM)
Basic instructions for booting the computer and loading the operating system
retain their contents even when the computer is powered down
CACHE AND ERROR CHECKING
CACHE
SRAM is used as cache memory to store the most frequently used data.
SRAM provides the processor with faster access to the data than retrieving it from the slower DRAM or main memory.
ERROR CHECKING
Memory errors occur when the data is not stored correctly in the RAM chips
Methods to detect and correct data errors in memory:
Parity
Error-Correcting Code (ECC)
Nonparity
MEMORY MODULE
memory chips that have been soldered on to a special circuit board for easy installation and removal.
Dual Inline Memory Module (DIMM) is a circuit board that holds SDRAM, DDR SDRAM, and DDR2 SDRAM chips.
Small Outline DIMM (SODIMM) provides random access data storage that is ideal for use in laptops, printers, and other devices where conserving space is desirable.
RAM Bus Inline Memory Module (RIMM) is a circuit board that holds RDRAM chips.
. As processor speed increases, memory speed must also increase.
RAID LEVELS
provides a way to store data across multiple hard disks for redundancy.
The following terms describe how RAID stores data on the various disks:
Parity – A method used to detect data errors.
Striping – A method used to write data across multiple drives.
Mirroring – A method of storing duplicate data to a second drive.
CPU COOLING SYSTEM
Electronic components generate heat. Too much heat can damage components.
CASE FAN
makes the cooling process more efficient.
HEAT SINK
draws heat away from the core of the CPU.
Fans can be dedicated to cool the graphics-processing unit (GPU).
INPUT DEVCIES
use to enter data or instructions into a computer
mouse and keyboard
touch screen
scanners
OUTPUT DEVICES
allows data to be transmitted by the computer in a human-friendly form
examples:
speaker
monitor
headphone
plotter
projector
printer