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2023/9/11 8 Environmental health - Coggle Diagram
2023/9/11 8 Environmental health
health emergency and disaster risk managment health-EDRM
(disaster)
secondary
tertiary
primary
environmental determinants of diseases (WHO) (but not very useful ge...)
WHO classification of hazards
3 environmental
3.1 environmental degradation
2 human-induced
2.2 societal
2.1 technological
1 natural
1.1 hydro-meterological
air pollutants
PM (particulate matter) 空氣指數
asthma, COPD, lung CANCER, CVS
O3 (ozone)
asthma
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide)
asthma
SO2 (sulphur dioxide)
eyes, lungs
climate change
temperature
rainfall
sea level rise
sea (鹹水)
rain (淡水)
urbanization
50% in rural (before 2010) >50% in cities
pre-requisites for public health prevention
awareness
sense the problem
cause
capacity to influence (they can do something)
political will to influence the problem
general health needs of population
mental & social health
knowledge, attitude, behavioral
epidemiological
health services and policy
demographic structure
information access
health impact pyramid
mild symptoms
self-medication or self-care
medical health-seeking
(easier/harder to observe)
hospital admission
death
health needs assessment: CAPACITY TO BENEFITS
PHEIC public health emergency of international concern
essential components to support post disasters
SPHERE Project (minimum standards)
health services
food & nutrition
safety
information
water & sanitation
water access
cost
reliability
proximity
water point: 500 m (UN: 1 km)
quantity
water per person per day: 15L (UN: 50L wash water storage)
quality
diseases
chemical pollutants
malaria
diarrheal diseases
shelter & non-food items