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Thermal Property of matter - Coggle Diagram
Thermal Property of matter
internal energy
Internal energy refers to the total amount of energy of the particles in a substance, and it is made up of internal Kinetic and internal potential energy.
Internal kinetic energy is due to the motion of particles and is dependent on temperature. lnternal potential energy is due to the stretching and compression of bonds and is dependent of the forces of attraction between particles and how far apart they are.
Heat capacity
Amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of a body by 1°C or 1K (Q/ change in temp)
specific heat capacity
Amount of thermal energy required to raise temperature of a unit mass of a body by 1°C or 1K
Latent heat
Latent heat of fusion
Melting
It is the process where thermal energy's absorbed to change the State of a substance from solid to liquid without a change in temperature.
During melting, thermal energy is absorbed to overcome the forces of attraction of solid particles, and internal potential energy increases, while internal kinetic energy remains constant (temperature is constant)
solidification
It is the process where thermal energy is released to change the State of a substance from liquid to solid without a change in temperature.
During solidification, thermal energy is absorbed to strengthen the forces of attraction between solid particles. Thus, internal potential energy decreases while internal kinetic energy remains constant.
Latent heart of fusion is the amount of energy required to change a substance from a solid to a ligula without a change in temperature.
Specific latent heat of fusion refers to the thermal energy required to change a unit mass (1kg) of a substance from solid to a liquid without a change in temperature.
Latent heat of vaporisation
Boiling
It is the process where thermal energy is absorbed to change the state of a substance from 11gind to gas without a change in temperature.
During boiling, thermal energy is absorbed to overcome forces of attraction of liquid particles and to push back the surrounding atmosphere to escape as a gas. During which, internal potential energy increases and internal kinetic energy is constant.
condensation
It is the process of releasing thermal energy to change the state of a substance from gas to liquid without a change in temperature.
During condensation, thermal energy is released to strengthen the forces of attraction of gas particles as they move closer together.
Latent heat of vapourisation refers to the amount of thermal energy required to change the State of a substance from liquid to gas without a change in temperature.
Specific latent heat of vapourisation refers to the thermal energy required to change 1kg of a substance from liquid to gaswithout a change of temperature.
Evaporation and boiling
Evaporation occurs when the water molecules absorb energy from the surroundings and have enough energy to do work against the surroundings to escape from the surface of the liquid into the atmosphere. Atter evaporation take place, the less energetic water molecules are left behind, thus the average speed of water molecules are lower and internal kinetic energy of the remaining water molecules is lower, hence temperature falls.
evaporation is a slow process with no bubbles while boiling is a fast process with bubbles; evaporation take place only at the surface of the liquid and at a range of temperatures, while boiling takes place at a fixed temperature throughout the liquid; evaporation does not require an energy supply, while boiling requires energy to be supplied
factors affecting evaporation
temperature
as temperature increase, the rate of evaporation increases
humidity
as humidity increases, rate of evaporation decreases
pressure
as pressure of the surroundings increase, the rate of evaporation decreases
surface area
as surface area increases, rate of evaporation increases