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critical thinking standards - Coggle Diagram
critical thinking standards
Revelance
Importance in Meetings and Debates: Avoiding meandering and unproductive discussions
Debater's Trick: Raising Irrelevant Issues: Distraction technique.
Abraham Lincoln's Example: Story of addressing Judge Logan's attire.
Plato's Assertion: No room for tedious and irrelevant discussion. Emphasis on pertinence.
Critical Thinking and Staying On Topic: Lincoln's ploy as a tactic. Jurors' potential critical thinking lapse.
Accuracy
Importance in Life Navigation: Knowledge as a map. Truth linking to reality.
Computer Analogy: "Garbage in, garbage out". Applies to human thinking
Example: 2020 U.S. Presidential Election: Trump's false claims. Consequences on democracy.
Value of Truth for Critical Thinkers: Passion for accurate, timely information.
Precision
Sherlock Holmes: Skilled observation. Logical inference. Solves complex mysteries
Importance in Various Fields: Medicine. Mathematics. Architecture. Engineering
Daily Life: Cutting through confusion. Insisting on precise answers
Critical Thinking: Habitual pursuit of precision
Logical Correctness
Definition: Reasoning correctly and drawing well-founded conclusions from beliefs.
Quote by Hsün Tzu: Scholarship requires completeness and exhaustiveness.
Russell's Observation: Pious nuns' illogical thinking example-> God sees everything -> God sees through bathroom walls (correct), ->Failure to conclude God sees through bathrobes (illogical).
Common Illogical Thinking: Example: Nuns wearing bathrobes in the presence of God -> Failure to draw logical conclusion about bathrobes.
Critical Thinking Requirement: Need for accurate and well-supported beliefs.
Intelligence and Inferences: Intelligence involves seeing implications and arriving at conclusions.
Fairness
Realism about Bias: Acknowledgment that biases are inevitable to some extent due to individual experiences and cultural backgrounds.
Challenges to Fair Thinking: Resistance to unfamiliar ideas, Prejudgment of issues, Stereotyping outsiders, and Identifying truth with self-interest or group interest.
Essential Attribute: Fair-mindedness is crucial for critical thinking.
Attributes of Fair Thinking: Open-mindedness, Impartiality, and Lack of biases and preconceptions.
Unjust Behavior: Failure to respect opposing views, Allowing bias to close minds and hearts, and Holding oneself to different standards than others.
Clarity
Definition of Clarity:
Clarity refers to the quality of expressing ideas, arguments, or claims in a manner that is easily understood and free from ambiguity or confusion.
Importance of Clarity:
Clarity is deemed crucial for effective communication and critical thinking. without clarity, miscommunications and misunderstandings can occur.
Completeness
Preferred Thinking Style: Deep. Thorough. Complete.
Examples: Desirable Situations -> Criminal investigations, Jury deliberations, News stories, Driving directions, and Medical diagnoses.
Exceptions: Short, concise contexts
General Preference: Deep > Shallow. Thorough > Spotty/Superficial.
Consistency
Essential for Critical Thinking: Logic dictates inconsistency implies falsehood. Critical thinkers seek out inconsistencies.
Guiding Principle: Rational behavior relies on consistency ->Deborah J. Bennett quote
Types of Consistency: Diachronic ->Agreement over time (thoughts, words, deeds).
Synchronic-> Agreement in present moment.
Critical Thinkers Integrity: Integral wholeness in beliefs and actions. Avoiding logical and practical inconsistency.
Inconsistencies to Avoid: Logical Inconsistency -> Holding contradictory beliefs.
Practical Inconsistency-> Discrepancy between words and actions.