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geography: food gateway 1 - Coggle Diagram
geography: food gateway 1
indicators of food consumption
total daily calorie intake
foods with higher calories tend to be more expensive --> DCs consume more calories than LDCs
e.g meat (rich in calories) is considered a luxury in LDCs whereas it is common in DCs
total amount of energy from a variety of foods --> more as you get richer
total number of calories obtained from food consumed per person each day
starchy staples as a % of all calories
staple food: supply a major proportion of a person's energy and nutrient needs
LDCs cannot afford meat --> starch cheapest option --> higher % of diet is starchy food
food consumption per capita (average amount of food consumed per person per year)
used to determine changes in food consumption patterns over time
more disposable income = more to spend on food
DCs consume higher amounts of food than LDCs overall, but consume much higher amounts of meat and vegetables
LDCs cannot afford as much food/ more expensive foods --> eat lesser
classification system
economic indicators
gross domestic product (GDP) per capita
higher GDP normally have a large number of productive industries + well-developed service industry
higher GDP per capita = more developed country
total value of all final goods and services produced by a country in a year divided by the total population
employment opportuinity
more employment opportunities = more jobs for locals
more income --> standard of living improves
availability of jobs
social indicators
adult literacy rates
higher literacy rates = more professionals who can contribute skills and expertise to country's economy
higher adult literacy rates --> more developed
% of those aged 15 and above who can read and write
life expectancy
factors: level and quality of healthcare, water, sanitation, food supply, living conditions
war, disease and poverty --> risk of dying increases --> lower life expectancy
average number of years a person born in a country is expected to live
changing food preference
cereals
declines at higher income levels
e.g crop-based products comprise about 40% of diets in LDCs but only 13% in DCs
crops harvested for its grain --> 50% of global calorie intake
meat
increase in income --> increase in meat consumption
BUT people consuming less (linked to health problems such as obesity and heart disease)
increase in income --> choice of food types changes --> crop-based to meat-based
fruits and vegetables
consumption increase in both DCs and LDCs
LDCs: increase in income --> can afford
DCs: increased awareness of health benefits of fruit and vegetable consumption (a significant amount reduces risk of diseases)
reasons for varying food consumption patterns in LDCs and DCs
socio-cultural
food preferences
fast food
convenient, affordable and comfortable dining atmosphere
DCs eating lesser as more aware of its harmful effects on health
standardised handling process ensures consistent quality of food
organic food
avoids harmful pesticides --> health benefits
higher consumption in DCs
DCs more worried about health
population growth
need for farm labour
lack of family planning
higher birth rates --> more demand for food
higher in LDCs
political
stability of food supply
food safety
economic
disposable income
more disposable income = more ability to consume larger amount and variety of food (more meat, less cereals)
disposable income increase --> can afford food with health benefits --> quality of diet increases
increasing in both LDCs and DCs --> higher consumption of certain food groups across the world
pricing
rise in food prices --> unable to afford staple food
high food prices --> riots and protests --> governments attempt to keep food affordable
less disposable income in LDCs --> more affected by rising food prices than DCs