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Instant cold pack for sporting Injuries - Coggle Diagram
Instant cold pack for sporting Injuries
Use cases & Injuries type
Sporting Scenarios
Contact Sports
Football
Referring to the National Football League
Injury Rate
≈ 4 injuries per 1000 athletic exposures
Common Injuries
Concussions
Brain Injury caused by a blow to the head
Effects
Headaches
Problem with concentration,
memory, balance and coordination
Fractures
A break or crack in a bone
Rugby
Has a high injury rate
With studies reporting rates of 30 to 91
injuries per 1000 player-hours
Common injuries
Concussions
Brain Injury caused by a blow to the head
Effects
Headaches
Problem with concentration,
memory, balance and coordination
Dislocations
Separation of two bones where they meet at a joint
Effects
Pain
Swelling
Weakness
Fractures
A break or crack in a bone
Non- Contact Sports
Track and Feild
Running
Cause Overuse Injuries
Shin Splints
Effect
Tenderness
Soreness
Pain
Result when muscles and bone tissue become overworked
Throwing
Shoulder or elbow injuries due to repetitive throwing motions
Swimming
Stroke movements
Repetitive nature of stroke movements can lead to overuse injures:
Shoulder impingement
Effects
Pain when lying on the affected side
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Shoulder/arm weakness and stiffness
Flip Turns
Can contribute injuries such
as ankle sprains and collisions
Criteria and objectives
Safety
Safety Standards
Identify to safety standards
relevant to medical devices
e.g. ISO 10993 for biocompatibility
The ability of a device material to perform with
an appropriate host responce in a specific situation
Toxic or Harmful Materials
Need to ensure that all materials used in the
cold pack are non-toxic and safe foe skin contact
Child Safety
Need to consider the safety features
when the cold pack is used by a child
To prevent accidental activation
or ingestion of complement
Temperature Control
Desires Temperature Range
Specify the target temperature range of the cold pack
Common ranges for cold therapy
≈ 0 -15 degrees Celsius
Effectiveness
Level of effctiveness
Define the desired level of effectiveness
based on the intended use cases
Consider factors
Pain relief
Reduction in swelling
Acceleration of the
healing process
Testing and validation
Experimental Impact
Measurement Methods for Temperature
Thermometer can be used to measure the temperature
of the cold pack during the experiment
Initial Water Temperature
Need to specify the temperature of the water to be used when activating the cold pack. Consistent initial temperature are important for reliable results
Replication
Controlled Variables
Maintain a controlled environment by conducting
experiments in a climate-controlled room with a
consistent temperature of 20°C
Statistical Significance
Conduct the cold pack activation
experiment of at least 3 trails
Material Components
Plastic Materials
Packaging Materials
Polypropylene (PP)
Very resistant to absorbing moisture
Has a good chemical resistance over a
wide range of bases and acids
Eco-Friendly Plastics
Bio-based plastics like polylactic acid (PLA)
A natural polymer designed to substitute
widely used petroleum-based plastics
Biodegradable options to reduce environmental impacts
Polyethylene (PE)
Have an exceptionally high resistance
to chemicals and other media
High impact strength at low tempereture
Chemical Composition
Endothermic Reaction Chemicals
Urea
Can reduce the hydration-generated heat :
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate
When Calcium Ammonium Nitrate is dissolved in water, it will absorb heat from the surroundings due to the endothermic reaction
Ammonium Nitrate
When ammonium nitrate is dissolved in water, resulting
solution is colder than either of the starting materials
Size and Portability
Shapes and Dimensions
Limbs
The cold pack should have a size & shape
that can effectively warp around limbs, e.g. arms, legs
Head
For head injuries or headaches, a smaller shape
may be ideal for better converage and comfort
Torso
Large, more rectangular shapes may be more
suitable for injuries on the chest or back
Transport Options
Handles
The use of straps or adjustable bands
that allows users to secure the cold
pack in place while moving
or during physical activity
Compactness
Design the cold pack to be foldable for
easy storage in first-aid-kits or sports bag
Straps
Put handles or grips into the design
to make to cold pack easy to carry
and hold during use
Insulation
If the cold pack needs to be
transported over a long period
Use an insulating sleeve or packing
Environmental Impact
Sustanability
Material Selection
Choose materials with lower
environmental footprints
E.g. Biodegradable plastics
Materials derived from renewable resources
Production Methods
Eco-friendly techniques such as:
Reducing energy consumption
Minimizing waste
Using water-efficient processes
Carbon footprint
Assess the carbon emissions associated
with the entire life cycle of the cold pack
From production to disposal
Recyclability
Design for Disassembly
Design the cold pack in a way that allows for easy
disassembly of components, facilitating recycling
Outer plastic casing
Users can easily disassemble for cycling
Consumer Education
the cold back should include clear instructions on how to properly dispose it, including recycling options, to encourage responsible disposal
Material Compatibility
Choose materials that are easily recyclable or have recycling programs available in the regions where the cold packs will be used
PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) Plastic
(Commonly recyclable in many areas)