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Human Rights Key Concepts, image - Coggle Diagram
Human Rights Key Concepts
Justice
Definition: The idea that everyone is equal and should be treated as they deserve. In a state, this means that there is a rule of law that carries out justice over all citizens, regardless of power.
Principles of the rule of law
Everyone has the right to a fair trial
No one is above the law
Everyone is subject to the same law
Judicial system
Each state has its own judicial system, this is the branch of government that enacts justice onto criminals and carries out punishments.
Codification:
Putting down laws or rules according to a system or plan
Equality
The state of individuals being equal, especially in status, rights, or opportunities.
Second generation rights
Social, economic and cultural rights. Includes the rights to reasonable levels of education, healthcare, and housing and minority language rights.
Public services
Services given by the government to all citizens, which promotes equality. Examples include public transport, healthcare, etc.
Economic rights
Rights given to citizens to ensure their economic wellbeing. Examples include: right to employment, to social security, to a minimum wage
Liberty
Definition: the state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one's way of life, behaviour, or political views
Two types of liberty
Positive liberty
Individuals having the autonomy to carry out their own rational will
Negative liberty
Individuals having the freedom from external coercion and forceful influence
Rights
Civil and political
Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals.
Examples of civil and political rights would be: the right to vote, the right to a fair trial, the right to government services
Civil liberties:
Guarantees and freedoms that governments commit not to abridge. They are not rights, but rather they are restraints on what the government can and can't do.
