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Chapter 14 Human Digestive System, image, image, image, publicdomainq…
Chapter 14
Human Digestive System
parts of the digestive system
mouth → gullet → stomach → small intestine → large intestine → rectum → anus
carbohydrates
are digested in the
mouth
and
small intestine
proteins
are digested in the
stomach
and
small intestine
fats
are digested in the
small intestine
all digestion ends in the small intestine
the amount of nutrients (carbs, proteins and fats) being digested in different parts of the digestive system:
click here to see all diagrams :)
physical vs chemical digestion
physical digestion → the mouth chews the food and
breaks it down into smaller pieces.
chemical digestion → breaks down food into
smaller food molecules,
which is then able to get through the
cell membrane.
analysis of the digestive system
mouth
→ mouth performs
physical
digestion by breaking down carbohydrates into
smaller pieces
and
carbohydrases
perform
chemical
digestion by breaking down carbohydrates into
small molecules.
carbohydrates are now
partially digested
carbohydrates
gullet
→
transports
food to the stomach.
no digestion takes place here.
stomach
→
proteases
perform
chemical
digestion by breaking down
proteins
and the stomach performs
physical
digestion by
churning
(an action that involves contracting and relaxing of the stomach to
aid in
the chemical digestion. note that it is
not
the chemical digestion itself.)
proteins are now
partially digested
proteins
small intestine
→ numerous enzymes are produced by the small intestine.
carbohydrases
break down
all carbohydrates.
proteases
break down
all protein.
lipases
break down
all fats.
all of the fats, protein and carbohydrates are now fully digested and are absorbed into the bloodstream. digestion ends here.
large intestine
→
water
and
mineral salts
are absorbed from
undigested
food.
fibre
is undigested.
rectum
→
faeces
is
stored
here
anus
→ faeces is
released
from the body here.
issues that affect digestion and how to prevent them
diabetes
⤷ is a disease in which the
blood sugar level
is
too high
it occurs when..
people consume
more carbohydrates than what their body needs
when the body produces
insufficient insulin
(a hormone that keeps the blood sugar level balanced)
when the body
does not respond
properly to insulin
often linked to other health problems such as
obesity, heart attacks and kidney problems
symptoms include..
blurred vision
constant hunger
frequent urination
slow healing of wounds
unexplained weight loss
tingling or numbness in the hands and feet
^ safer to rmb at least three of these symptoms
constipation
⤷ is when the large intestine
absorbs too much water
from the
faeces
faeces
moves through the
large intestine very slowly
causing
too much water
to be absorbed from faeces
faeces become
hard and dry
how to prevent constipation?
eat foods high in fibre
drink more water
have sufficient exercise
^ opposite for what causes constipation
gastritis (gastric pain)
⤷ is the swelling of the stomach lining
the risk of having it increases when..
a person
skips meals
consumption of
alcohol, caffeine or too much oily food
symptoms include..
upper abdominal pain
nausea
bloating
my healthy plate
:yellow_heart: -
brown rice
and
wholemeal bread
(¼)
:large_blue_circle: -
meat
and
others
(¼)
:green_heart: -
fruits
and
vegetables
(½)
food poisoning
⤷ is caused by consuming food that is
contaminated
by
bacteria
symptoms include
diarrhoea and vomiting
→ the body's way of
getting rid
of
harmful bacteria
how to prevent food poisoning?
minimising
food contamination →
separate crockery
from
raw
and
cooked
food
check that
bottled drinks
are
tightly sealed
before consumption
do not
consume foods with an
expiry date that has passed
do not
consume food that has turned
mouldy
enzymes
carbohydrases
digest
carbohydrates
into
simple sugars
proteases
digest
protein
into
amino acids
lipases
digest
fats
into
fatty acids and glycerol
