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chemistry - Coggle Diagram
chemistry
measurement quantity that has a number+unit
accepted values are the correct values based on reliable measuerments and refernce values
accuracy of how clos e a measurement is to the true value whatever is being measured
experimental vales are measured in the lab
percision is a measure of how close a seris of mearsuremensts are to one another
error is the difference between the experimental value and accepted value
scientigfic notaion a given number is written as the product of two numbers a coefficent and 10 raised to a power
significant figures
zeros at the end of anumber and to the right of the decimal point are always
zeros at the right most measurment but left of an understood decimal point are not significant
leftmost zeros in front of nonzeros are not
zeros between nonzero digits
all nonzero
matter and change
intensive
depends on the type of matter in a sample,density, viscosity, luster, color, melting point, boliing point, conductivity, malleability, brittleness
extensive
amount of matter in a sample, volume, mass, length,shape
physical properties- aquality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured withour changing the substance's composition
chemical properties- the potential to undergo a change in chemical composition
gas a form of matter that that has no definete shaoe or volume particles expand far apart to fill any container and are easliy compressed due to the space between the particles
liquid-a form matter that has no definte shape but a definte volume. particles are in contact with each other but no in a rigid or orderly arrangment they slide around on each other and are not easliy compressed but will expand slightyly when heated. have higher energy than solids
solid- a form of matter that has a definte shape and a definte volume packed tight vibrate low energy
plasma- have no fixed shape or volume, and are less dense than solids or liquids. However plasma are made up of atoms in which some or all of the elections have been stripped away and positively charged nuclei called ions
bose-einstein condensate- a large fraction of its particles occupy the sam, namely the lowest, energy state. Only possible at just a little above absolute zero. "pile of molecules all squeezed together predicted by Eisenstein
physical some properties of a mareial chamde but the chemical compostion reamons the same melting freezing boling cutting folding
chmical the chemical composition and properties of a substance are changed
alchemy-devolping tools to work with chemicals
earliest in china and india in 400 bce. practical and mystical. arabs brought to spain and then europe
1500s europe shifted from alchemy to experimental design
1600s royal society of london for the Promotion of Knowledge created
1700s Lavoisier's work elped transform chemistry from observational to mesured
settled the debate about how things burn
marie ann diagrammed and drew experimental designs and translated scientific papers into English
had to take a government job to scientific research
observation to question to hypothesis to prediction to experiment
independent variable is what you change
dependent variable is dependent on everything else
classifying matter
matter
can it be physically seperated
yes
mixture
is the composition uniform
no
hetero mixture
suspensions
colloids
yes
homo mixture
no
pure substance
can it be chemicaly decomposed
yes
compund
no
element
mixture
a mixture is a physical blend of 2 or more compounds
homogeneous a misture in which the composition is uniform thourght the misture
compounds broken down to element
simplest form of matter
for elements symbol rep the element
have different properties than the elements that are made up of it
broken with chemical change
hetoerogeneous a mixture in which the composition is not uniform thourghtout the whole mixture
phase is any part of a sample
flitration seperate solid form liquid
distillation boiling the liquid to seperate
theory vs law
summarizes the results of many observation and experiments
theory is tested by more experiments and modified if necsary