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1.20.1.14 - Thermoregulation - Coggle Diagram
1.20.1.14 - Thermoregulation
definitions
ectotherm
an animal that is dependent on external sources of body heat
homeotherm
an organism that maintains its body temperature at a constant level, usually above that of the environment, by its metabolic activity
endotherm
an animal that is capable of the internal generation of heat
poikilotherm
an organism that cannot regulate its body temperature except by behavioural means such as basking or burrowing
thermoneutral xone
the range of ambient temperatures where the body can maintain its core body temperature solely through regulating dry heat loss i/e skin blood flow
upper and lower critical temperatures
points that the temperature of an organism becomes lethal to that organism
zone of thermal comfort
a condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the surroundings
thermal set point
the optimum temperature that the body will always try and bring itself back to
veterinary examples of welfare implication of the heat exchange processes
four physical processes of heat exchange
conduction
convection
evaporation
radiation
rate of heat storage
metabolic rate
convection
radiation
evaporation
conduction
thermoregulation in endotherms
mechanisms that endotherms use to respond to cold
shivering
increased metabolic rate
vasoconstriction
mechanisms that endotherms use to respond to heat
vasodilation
sweating
decreased metabolic rate
regulatory centre
hypothalamus in the brain
special adaptations to tolerating hot/cold climates
fur
fluffing of feathers
burrowing/hibernation
lower critical temperatures
newborn piglet
100kg pig
newborn lamb (dry)
arctic fox
newborn lamb (wet)
dairy cow - 30L milk/day
naked human
dairy cow - maintenance
thermoregulation in practice
using cooling medically
using a bair-hugger