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Iron Overload - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Not incorporated into Hb
    - - Within initial stages of heme synthesis
      - With incorporation of heme into protoporphyrin ring
    - - Mitochondria overloaded with iron (ringed sideroblast)
      - Iron granules (haemosiderin) present in sideroblasts
      - Ringed sideroblasts don't develop into mature RBCs
  - - - X-linked
      - Autosomal recessive
    - - Primary sideroblastic anemia (refractory)
      - Secondary sideroblastic anemias caused by drugs & bone marrow toxins
        
        Anti-tubercular drugs
        
        Chloramphenicol
        
        Alcohol
        
        Lead
        
        Chemotherapeutic agents
  - - - Dimorphic blood picture
        
        Microcytic
        
        Normochromic & hypochromic RBC populations
        
        WBCs & platelets normal
        
        Inclusion bodies - pappenheimer bodies, basophilic stippling
    - - Serum iron - increased
      - Serum ferritin - Increased
      - % Transferrin Sat. Increased
      - TIBC - Decreased
  - - - Remove offending agent
    - - Pyridoxine
      - Desferrioxamine
- - - - Serum iron increased
      - Serum ferritin increased
      - TIBC normal/decreased
      - Transferrin saturation increased
    - - Detection of mutations in HFE gene
  - - - Desferrioxamine
      - Injected subcutaneously
      - Excreted through urine
      - Monitor iron status