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Bio, Key Terms - Coggle Diagram
Bio, Key Terms
Eukaryotic Cell
Large, complex cells (including animal and plant cells) with a cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic material enclosed in a nucleus.
Prokaryotic cell
Small, simple cells (including bacteria) with cytoplasm and a cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall. Their genetic material (a single DNA loop) is not enclosed in a nucleus. They may have small rings of DNA called plasmids.
Differentiation
A cell acquires different sub-cellular structures to allow it to perform a certain function. (Differentiation results in the development of specialised cells).
Electron microscope
A microscope which uses an electron beam (instead of light) to study cells in much finer detail. They have a much higher magnification and resolving power than a light microscope.
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Mitosis
One copy of each chromosome (a chromatid) is pulled to each end of the cell and the nucleus divides. This is followed by the cytoplasm and cell membrane dividing to form two genetically identical cells.
Active Transport
Particles move from a dilute solution (lower concentration of particles) to a more concentrated solution (higher concentration of particles), through a partially permeable membrane. Particles move against a concentration gradient - this needs energy from respiration.
Osmosis
The diffusion of water molecules from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution, through a partially permeable membrane.
Diffusion
The net movement of particles (of any substance in solution, or particles of a gas) from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Diffusion occurs down a concentration gradient.
Stem Cell
of giving rise to many more cells of the same type, and from which certain other cells can arise from differentiation.
Denature
The shape of the active site of an enzyme has changed so that the enzyme no longer functions, because it can’t bind to its substrate.
Enzyme
A biological catalyst that controls the rate of a chemical reaction inside a cell. Enzymes have an active site with a unique shape so that it can bind to a specific substrate molecule.
Carbohydrase
Carbohydrases digest (break down) carbohydrates into simple sugars. Amylase is a carbohydrase which digests starch. Carbohydrases work in the mouth and small intestine.
Protease
Proteases digest (break down) proteins into amino acids. Proteases work in the stomach and small intestine.
Lipase
Lipases digest (break down) lipids (fats) into one glycerol and three fatty acids.
Lipases work in the small intestine.
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