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Cell Biology and Division - Coggle Diagram
Cell Biology and Division
Difference
Eukaryotic
cell division - mitosis and miosis
linear strands of DNA
nucleus
found in human, animal, plants, fungi
prokaryotic
no nucleus
small, circular DNA
found in bacteria
cell division by prokaryotes is binary fission
Eukaryotic
rough endoplasmic reticutrum: allow protein manufacture, continue with nuclue --> cell membrane transport along structures
golgi apparatus: modify and distribute proteins, vesicle of protein transportal
ribosome: synthesis / manufact proteins
smooth endoplasmic reticullum: synthesis lipids, steroids, detoxification - liver
nucleus: control centre of cell
mitochondria: produce energy called adenosine triphosphate
cell membrane: contain all organelles and allow substance in and out, for nutrition and waste removal for each cell
Toniarty of Solutions
hypotonic: less dissolved solute
hypertonic: membrane more dissolved
isotonic: even on both sides of membrane
Diffusion
passive mechanism, a substant flows from a high to low concentration
facilitated diffusion
transport system
active: require in put of ATP to function
passive: require no input ATP. rely on concentrated of dissolve substance on either side of membrane
Osmosis
water moves in and out of cell diffusion semipermable membrane
Type of Cells
fibroblasts: large, flat, branching support cells in most connective tissue
muscle: attach to skeletal via tendons, or connective tissue
smooth: found in walls of internal organ, blood vessel and muscle of eye
cardiac: found in heart able to conduct its own beat
bone (osteoblasts): bone producing cells in bone marrow and connective tissue
nerve (neurons): main functional cells of nervous system
white blood: identify, capture, and eliminate pathogens
Red blood cells: bind O2 into lungs and carry it to tissues
Function
synthesis of molecules
different cells of body synthesis types of molecules
protein, nucleic, acids, lipids
communication
cells produce and respond to chemical and electrical signals
cell metabolism and energy use
chemical reaction occurr in cells, energy released from metabolic reaction fuels cellular
muscle contraction rease heat
reproduction and inheritance
genetic info determines structural and functional characteristics of cells
person grows, cells divide produce new cells
Mitosis Stages
prophase: nuclear envelope breaks down
metaphase: duplicated chromosomes line up along the sprindle
anaphase daughter chromosome move to opposite side of cell
telophase: separated chromosome opposite side of dividing cell and nuclei of daughter cell form around
Stages of Cell Cycle
interphase: when cell prepares to divide
Steps
G1: cell becomes highly active, preparing for division by diplicating many of its organelle and synthesising protein
S: DNA replication and synthesis of histones and other proteins in nucleus
G0: performing all cell functions and not preparing for division
G2 - final: cell continue increase size and produce more protein for division
after - cell enter mitosis (division of nucleus) and sytokinesis (division of cytoplasm)
mitotic: during division is occurs