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(Chapter 1, Introduction to Windows Server Operating Systems, Objectives,…
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At the end of this lesson, you should be able to
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- What is an Operating System?
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a) Manage the computer's resources, such as the central processing unit, memory, disk
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b) Establish a user interface, and
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Earlier operating systems were mostly single-tasking, i.e. the operating system can only run
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a defined manner. Examples: 16-bit Microsoft Windows, Mac OS before OS X.
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program. Examples: 32-bit Windows NT and Win9x, Solaris, Linux, OS X onwards.
In the last decade, there have been many changes to “computer” hardware. Small devices such
as smart phones, IoT, and smart appliances are also “computers” running many applications.
With these, new operating systems are continually being developed and implemented.
Examples of popular modern operating systems are Android, BSD, iOS, Linux, OS X,
QNX, Microsoft Windows, Windows Phone and IBM z/OS.
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- What is a Server Operating System?
A server operating system is an operating system specifically designed to run on servers, that is,
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The server operating system is the software layer, on top of which other software programs can
run on the server hardware. Popular server operating systems include Windows Server, Mac
OS X Server, and variants of Linux such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and SUSE
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A server operating system still manages the computer’s resources, executes and provides
services for application software. However, the emphasis is on network access performance
and background processes rather than desktop applications. Typically, a server is used to
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software components. A computer, i.e. hardware, becomes a server when software that
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computers, hence, they are referred to as client operating systems. They can, however, be setup to perform server functions such as file and printer sharing. However, there are limitations
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In a network, it is important for the services to be available round-the-clock. To achieve this,
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of Independent Disks (RAID) volumes, Load Balancing, and Clustering.
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- An Operating System that is designed to
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- An Operating System that operates within
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- Can provide services to multiple clients or
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- Can obtain services from a server
- Runs on a server 3. Runs on a client device such as desktops,
mobile phones, tablets and laptops
- Can serve multiple client devices at a time 4. Serves a single user at a time
- Client-server applications with that run
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- Desktop applications with emphasis on
user-friendly features, multimedia
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- Windows Server Operating System Editions
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Simpler interface, preconfigured connectivity to
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Retail, volume licensing and
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Retail, volume licensing and
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Windows Server 2016 and Windows Server 2019 have streamlined the editions to only three,
i.e. Essentials, Standard and Datacenter.
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environment without any graphical user interface (GUI or “Desktop Experience”). Hence, it
must be managed from a command line, or remotely by using Server Manager, an MMC,
PowerShell, or a Windows Remote Shell. Microsoft has made Server Core the recommended
installation option because it is a more secure, less resource-intensive installation option. A
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In the past, for Windows Server 2012 R2, you would be able to switch between Server Core
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Since there is no GUI, you need to use commands to configure a server installed with Server
Core. For example, to configure the server, such as changing the computer name, the
membership to the domain/workgroup, and to set the IP address and default subnet masks, you
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store data for the office network, which is not expected to grow beyond a maximum of 45
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- Windows Server Technologies
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By default, the Server Manager starts up each time the Windows Server is turned on. The
Server Manager provides a single interface for installing, configuring, and removing a variety
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also includes tools to diagnose problems, manage storage, and perform general configuration
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The Server Manager can also be used to manage all other servers in the network, provided you
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Starting with Windows NT 3.1, it is the default file
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over its predecessor, FAT, is the capability to set user
and group access permissions on files and folders,
thus, increasing security within the network.
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printers. Examples of such features are Distributed File System, shadow copies, and disk
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Active Directory provides a single point of administration of network resources (Users, Groups,
Shared Printers, etc.) through centralized authentication and authorization. Active Directory
Domain Services also enable administrators to assign system policies, deploy software to client
computers, and assign permissions and rights to users of network resources.
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administrators. It uses snap-ins that are designed to perform specific administrative tasks, such
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On a Microsoft Windows, you can use the Disk Management snap-in or the File and Storage
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In Microsoft Windows, computers can be members of a Workgroup or a Domain.
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• A small collection of computers that share common roles, such as
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• Decentralized logons, security, and resource sharing.
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The following sub-sections summarise the topics that you can search on Internet for further reading.
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