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What makes an organism respire faster? - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Temperature: The rate of respiration in plants increases as the temperature increases. This is because the enzymes involved in respiration are more active at higher temperatures. However, the rate of respiration will eventually reach a maximum and then decrease at very high temperatures. This is because the enzymes involved in respiration can be damaged at very high temperatures.
      - Light intensity: The rate of respiration in plants increases as the light intensity increases. This is because the rate of photosynthesis increases as the light intensity increases. When the rate of photosynthesis increases, more glucose is produced, which increases the rate of respiration.
  - - - Dormant seeds have a very low rate of respiration. This is because they are not actively growing or developing. The rate of respiration in dormant seeds will only increase if they are stimulated to germinate.
      - Germination is the process by which a seed begins to grow. When a seed germinates, it uses energy to break down its stored nutrients. This process requires a lot of energy, which is why the rate of respiration in germinating seeds is much higher than the rate of respiration in dormant seeds.
  - - - Another study, published in the journal "Plant Physiology", found that the rate of respiration in tobacco plants decreased by 30% when the pH was increased from 7 to 8.
      - a study published in the journal "Biochemistry" found that the rate of respiration in yeast cells decreased by 50% when the pH was lowered from 7 to 4.
      - This is because the enzymes involved in respiration are proteins, and proteins can be denatured at acidic or alkaline pHs. Denaturation is a process in which the protein's structure is changed, which can make it inactive.
      - The rate of respiration is optimal at a neutral pH. At acidic or alkaline pHs, the enzymes involved in respiration are less active.
- - - - No
        
        Efficiency
        
        Less efficient, Less energy
      - C6H12O6 -> 2C3H6O3 (Glucose -> Lactic acid).
  - - - C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 (glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water)
      - Yes
        
        Efficiency
        
        More efficient, more energy
- - - - Studies show both types of respiration are reliant on enzymes to catalyse molecules (Jacobsen, et al., 2005). As they significantly speed up reactions, so when broken down by the environment the efficiency is decreased and when increased in concentration (so long as they are possible for them to bind onto a substrate), their efficiency increases (Khan Academy, 2023). Tested by changing temperature, enzyme conditions, pH, changing substrate concentration, and enzyme concentration.
    - - Glucose is required for all types of respiration (Sponsiello, 2018). So, changing the concentration increases efficiency until limited by another factor. Furthermore, other sugars may be less efficient for respiration. Tested by types of sugar and concentration of glucose.
    - - Respiration is more efficient with the presence of oxygen. Tested by changing the concentration of oxygen.
- - - - pH: The pH of an organism's environment can affect the rate of repair. For example, too acidic or alkaline an environment can damage cells and tissues, making it more difficult for the organism to repair itself. However, the optimal pH for repair varies depending on the organism.
        
        Yeast: Yeast can be used to produce enzymes that help to repair damaged tissues. However, yeast can also produce toxins that can damage cells. Additionally, yeast can only be used to repair certain types of damage.
        
        Plants: Plants contain a variety of compounds that have been shown to promote repair, such as antioxidants and growth factors. However, plants can also contain toxins that can damage cells. Additionally, the compounds in plants that promote repair may not be effective in all organisms.
        
        Seeds: Seeds contain nutrients and growth factors that can help to repair damaged tissues. However, seeds may not be effective in repairing all types of damage. Additionally, the nutrients and growth factors in seeds may not be available to the organism in a form that it can use.
        
        Animals: Animals can provide a source of stem cells, which can be used to repair damaged tissues. However, stem cells from animals may not be compatible with the organism that needs repair. Additionally, the use of animal stem cells can raise ethical concerns.
  - - - Well-studied: The effects of pH on repair have been studied extensively in a variety of organisms. This research provides a foundation for understanding how pH can be used to improve the rate of repair.
      - Inexpensive: The cost of measuring pH is relatively low.
      - Easy to measure: The pH of an organism's environment can be measured with a pH meter, which is a relatively inexpensive and easy-to-use instrument.
    - - Easy to grow: Yeast is a relatively easy organism to grow in a laboratory setting. This makes it a convenient and cost-effective model organism for studying repair.
      - Produces enzymes that promote repair: Yeast produces a variety of enzymes that can help to repair damaged tissues. These enzymes can be extracted and purified for use in research.
      - Well-studied: The effects of yeast on repair have been studied extensively in a variety of organisms. This research provides a foundation for understanding how yeast can be used to improve the rate of repair
    - - Contain compounds that promote repair: Plants contain a variety of compounds that have been shown to promote repair, such as antioxidants and growth factors. These compounds can be extracted and purified for use in research.
      - Available in a variety of species: There are many different species of plants that contain compounds that promote repair. This allows researchers to study the effects of different compounds on repair in a variety of organisms.
      - Well-studied: The effects of plants on repair have been studied extensively in a variety of organisms. This research provides a foundation for understanding how plants can be used to improve the rate of repair.
    - - k
        
        Animals:
        
        Well-studied: The effects of animals on repair have been studied extensively in a variety of organisms. This research provides a foundation for understanding how animals can be used to improve the rate of repair.
        
        Provide a source of stem cells: Animals can provide a source of stem cells, which can be used to repair damaged tissues. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can develop into any type of cell in the body.
    - - Contain nutrients and growth factors that promote repair: Seeds contain nutrients and growth factors that can help to repair damaged tissues. These nutrients and growth factors can be extracted and purified for use in research.
      - Available in a variety of species: There are many different species of seeds that contain nutrients and growth factors that promote repair. This allows researchers to study the effects of different nutrients and growth factors on repair in a variety of organisms.
      - Well-studied: The effects of seeds on repair have been studied extensively in a variety of organisms. This research provides a foundation for understanding how seeds can be used to improve the rate of repair.