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Casey et al - Coggle Diagram
Casey et al
research method
-2 Quasi experiment -laptops sent to their own homes -longitudinal tracking the pp's from age 4 to their 30s
-independent and repeated measures design
IV:If the participants are high or low delay DV:Pp's performance on impulse control task and brain imaging results from fMRI scan
Procedure
experiment 1
-Participants completed a "cool" go/no-go task and a "hot"go/no-go task (cool=gender as stimuli:hot=happy/fearful as stimuli)
-Faces presented for 500 milliseconds with a 1s interval between each (Nimstim)face
experiment 2
-48 trials of the hot version of the go/no-go task was done while participants were inside fMRI scaner.
-Each face stimulus was presented for 500ms followed by an interval raging from 2 to 14.5s
Findings
Experiment 1
Pp's performed with a high level of accuracy for correctly responding to "go" trial during both the "cool"(99.8% correct) and "hot"tasks (99.5% correctly)with low delayers being slightly worse.
Experiment 2
Overall accuracy rates for the "hot"go/no-go task were uniformly high for "go" trials in (mean 98.2% correct hits)with more variable performance to "no-go"trials (12.4%false alarm rate).Differences between two delay groups in "no-go"accuracy were consistent with the observed differences in the "hot" task performance in Experiment 1,with low delayers committing more false alarms than high delayers.
Aim
To find out if pp's who were low delayers on the marshmallow task age of 4 also reported low self control in their 20s and 30s
Key theme
fMRI-function magnetic resonance imaging, investigates the physiognomy of the brain
sample
-Age 4:564 children -In 20's: 155 -In 30's: 135 - experiment 1:23 men and 36 women (32 high and 21 low) -experiment 2: 13 men and 14 women (15 high and 11 low)
Conclusion
Individuals who, at the age of 4 years have difficulty delaying gratification and who continue to show reduced self-control abilities have more difficulty as adults in suppressing responses to positive social cues than those who don't