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How could you determine the acidity of household items? - Coggle Diagram
How could you determine the acidity of household items?
What is an acid?
A substance that produces hydrogen ions(protons) in solutions, and is a proton donor
What is a base?
A substance that produces hydroxide ions in solutions, and is a proton acceptor.
What is the equivalence point
When an acid and a base react to the point where the solution is neutral
How can we measure Acidity
PH strip
Pros
Easy to use
Fast to use
Cons
Measurements are not highly accurate.
Titration
Pros
Precise method that can accurately determine ph of a solution
Titration is a suitable method
Cons
Requires specific equipment + chemicals
Requires knowledge of proper technique
What is the unit of measurement for acidity
pH
potential of hydrogen
Logarithmic scale from 0- 14
7 is considered neutral
Acids have a ph of <7
Bases have a pH of >7
based on the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
Titration
Technique to determine the concentration of a substance
How is it done?
Acid is slowly reacted with a base until a neutral solution forms
Measurements of the amount of base + acid are used to determine the concentration of either
Variable Materials
Standard solution
Base
Sodium Hydroxide
Strong Base
undergoes complete dissociation in water
pH dramatically changes around endpoint
Allows for easier calculations due to simple stoichiometric relationships
Sodium hydroxide is more ideal
Sodium Carbonate
Weak base
Incomplete dissociation
Less accurate endpoint
Complex calculations
Indictator
Used to determine the endpoint/equivalence point of the reaction
Possible indicators
Phenolphthalein
Pros
Distinct colour change from colorless to pink/magenta
Cons
Limited pH range
Unsuitable for titrations involving strong acids and weak bases due to the usable range of the indicator
Phenolphthalein is suitable
Methyl Orange
Pros
Distinct colour change from yellow to orange at equivalence
Changes colour to red as solution becomes acidic
able to see if excess acid has been added easily
Cons
Unsuitable for titrations involving strong bases and weak acids
Acid
Potential acids
Tartaric acid
Strongest acid
Diproctic
Each molecule can donate 2 hydrogen ions during a titration
Tartaric acid is the most suitable
Oxalic acid
Weaker than tartaric
Diprotic
Dissociation constant is smaller than tartaric acid's
Not Ideal
Boric acid
Weakest acid
Limited dissociation in water
Not ideal
Household acids
Acetic
Vinegar/ cleaning products
Citric
Citrus fruits / cleaning products
Ascorbic
Orange juice, skin care products, cold/flu remedies
Lactic
dairy products