Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
election and representation, Election system in India - Coggle Diagram
election and representation
situation
we want democracy after independence
direct democracy
were population is small like in gram panchayat or in ancient greece
indirect democracy
population is very high so not every one can take participation in decision making
so we elect representative to take decision on our behalf in UNION OF INDIA
so for that we decided to conduct election on national level for that we need some
basic rules , method or a impartial mechanism to watch
so that every can participate in decision making and contesting
so for that we decided to have
method
of election in a democratic way on national level to choose there representative
but to ensure that we need some basic tools to conduct in a impartial way
i) written constitution -define basic rules , method , impartial mechanism (institution)
3 more items...
ii)general laws - with changing scenarios
free and fair election
- election in India is supervised by the ECI and boundaries decided by delimitation rule (ACT) .Now the field is spruce up for play in which expression of the people decide the game result
participants of the game
is decided by the rule called Universal Franchise and right to vote - right to contest
contestants
stand for election
you have to at least 25 ---
some restriction
- if a person undergo imprisonment for 2 or more years for some offence is disqualified for 2 + after imprisonment for 6 years
votes now -18 before 1989- 21
ECI
supervise and conduct
article 324: (1)
structure of the EIC to conduct election
chief election officer in every state
evolution of the EIC
before-1989 - single election commissioner at the center but before general election 2 election commissioners but again just after the elections back to single election commissioner
1993 - 2 election commissioners
their is a dispute between chief election commissioner and its member election commissioners for power
SC - multi-member is more appropriate as it increases the accountability . hence SC said 2 election commissioners = chief election commissioner
Election system in India
what are the different method of election? and why methods are important
why method are important
it will decided who will win the context
smaller parties
majority
minorities
bigger parties
method are divided into two parameter
different way people make their choices (vote)
to candidate
to party
evolution of party system in India
1947 to 1989 - One party dominance
After 1989 India experience functioning of multiparty system along with growth of regional parties
multi-party alliance
need for intra-party Demo
how people preferences is counted
what is the method
First Past The Post system
- candidate who crosses the winning post first of all will win
issue in counting
in this method the issue is it will count only preference of those who voted and on the bases of that party wins , may led to majori
example : only 50% people voted and 25 % people voted party A and other 25% voted between B and C than, A will win the contest by getting only 25 people preference ignoring 75% people preference
why constitution maker adopt FPTP
first
- it is easy to understandable for such a larger population ,
Second
- FPTP system offers choice not simply between parties but specific candidate ,
third
- people can hold more than 1 representative accountable for a specific locality ,
fifth
- this system encourage people to come together
Proportional representation
- party is allotted the share of seats in the parliament in the proportion of its share of votes and who shall get the majority in the parliament forms government
issue in voting
in this system party gets the vote not the candidate party simply give the seat to the candidate in the list which is done public before the election
why PR system is not adopted
issue is party can win on the stardom of one candidate which led to autocratic rule
second
, accountability issues - no representative is responsible for specific location like in FPTP
third
, it may not produce clear majority
forth
-
community based polities
it may encourage each community to form its nation-wide party
single transferable vote system - used in India RS & LS
what are the authorities and rules about do's and don't
to play the game of election we need some authorities who decide and review rules and enforce rules
delimitation commission - fixing the boundaries or a candidate to play
delimitation mean the process of fixing the limits of territorial constituencies in a country and province having legislative body
issues with delimitation
a)
States that take little interest in population control could end up with a greater number of seats in Parliament. The southern states that promoted family planning faced the possibility of having their seats reduced.
b)
In 2008, Delimitation was done based on the 2001 census, but the total number of seats in the Assemblies and Parliament decided as per the 1971 Census was not changed.
election commission of India - 3ird umpire
Reservation of constituencies
reservation of constituencies are important because of the FPTP system favour the majority population , so CM decided to gave the provision of reserve the seat to vulnerable section of the society because of having the past of caste-based discrimination
Delimitation and ECI decided which constituencies should be reserve and revised