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Adaptive Immunity (1.18.5.10) - Coggle Diagram
Adaptive Immunity (1.18.5.10)
immunology
linked to other body systems
zoonoses
protects animal and public health
diagnostics
treatment and disease
immuntiy overview
Adaptive
T cell (cell mediated)
Naive T cells
T helper, 2. T regulatory, 3. T-cytotoxic
Death of virally infected or damaged body cells
B cell (humoral)
Lymphoblasts
Plasma cells
Antibodies
Complement cascade
Clonal B cells
Memory cells
Innate
Physical barriers
Dermis
Mucous membranes
Saliva
Urine/tears
Stomach acid
These stop infection before entering body
Bloodborne
Complement cascade
Alternative pathway
These contribute to the death of the organism or killing of bacteria
Neutrophils
Macrophages
Basophils
Eosinophils
Natural killer cells
This leads to death of dangerous organism and direct killing of bacteria
Immunological memory
Clonal B cells produce memory cells, which remember a pathogen
This leads to an enhanced immune response next time as after the pathogen is recognised, memory cells can ensure the correct antibodies are released very quickly
T-cells
All T-cells are CD3+
T-helper cells are CD4+
Cytotoxic T cells are CD8+
T-regulatory cells are a range from
T-helper cells
T-helper 1= intraceullular oathogens
T-helper 2= extraceullular pathogens
Differentiated from common precursor cells
Secrete different cytokines
Have different characteristic cytokines
Role in adaptive immunity= cytotoxic/ cell mediated immunity
An immune response that does not involve antibodies
The activaation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes
The release of cytokines in response to particular antigens
B cells
Role in adaptive immunity= humoral immunity
I DO NOT UNDERSTANT THHIS SLIDE
T cell receptors
MHC-2 receptor
T-cell receptor= protien complex = transmits info from outside the cell to inside
Binds with MHC-1 or MHC-2 (Major histocompatibility complex) receptors on other cells
Here, MHC-2 links to humoral immunity
MHC-1 Receptor
T cell receptor= protein complex = transmits info from outside the cell to inside
Binds with MHC1 or MHC2 recpetors on other cells.
Here, MHC-1 links to cytotoxic T cells
With T-cell receptors, the correct MHC has to match the correct cell
It must be the correct receptor, to present the antigen to the T helper cell, otherwise there is no recognition.
B cell receptors
B cell receptors have surface immunoglobin (Ig)
These are unique to B cells
Have antigen binding sites= Fab region/variable region
E.g, immature B cells start of with Ig in cytoplasm, and once they mature the Ig moves onto the surface membrane and the cytoplasm, or they turn into plasma cells with free floating antibodies
How do they change receptors?
Antigen recognition induces expression of effector molecules by T cell, which activates B cells.
B cell proliferation occurs
Class switchinig
Somatic mutation
Differentiation to resting memory cells with the B cell receptor and antibody secreting plasma cells
Types of BCRs/immunoglobins
IgG (serum
IgA (mucosal)
IgM (early phase)
IgE (allergy)
IgD (Differentiation)
Different appearances and binding influences different roles
Recognising different antigenic shapes
T cell receptor antigens:
Membrane bound
T cell maaturation= enables foreign antigens and tolereance
Recognises diverse range of antigens
Works alongside MHC receptor
Migrates to thymus = obtains T cell receptor
B cell receptor antigens:
Membrane bound or secreted by plasma
Structre depends on immune rsponse function
Antigen binding site = fab = capture antigen directly
Subtle alterations
Somatic mutation/class switching
Rearrangement of BCR coding genes