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Anaemia: A significant decrease in the Hb conc. of blood - Coggle Diagram
Anaemia: A significant decrease in the Hb conc. of blood
Diagnosis
Patient history
Physical examination
Lab Testing
FBC
Blood films: peripheral bloom & BM
Specific tests: Haem & Biochem
Systems of classification
Morphological
Based on the appearance of RBCs in blood film
cytic = size
chromic = colour
poikilocytosis = shape
Aetiological (functional)
Proliferation defects
Maturation defects
Survival defects
Abnormal blood loss (acute vs chronic)
Normocytic Anaemia
Classfication
Recent blood loss
Haemolysis
Aplastic anaemia
Pure red cell aplasia
Myelophthisis
Myelodysplastic syndromes
Others e.g. ACD
Aplastic anaemia
Pancytopaenia
Leukopaenia
Anaemia
Thrombocytopaenia
Aetiology
Acquired
Hereditary
Pathogenesis/Mechanisms
Quantitative/qualitative deficiency in CD34+ stem cells
Failure of stromal microenviro
Autoimmune component
Clinical features
Pallor, fatigue, weakness
Mucosal bleeding, purpura, ecchymoses
URT & LRT infections
Bacterial & fungal infections
Anaemic symptoms less severe - chronic onset
Splenomegaly & hepatomegaly typically absent
Treatment
BMT
Immunosuppression
Fanconi's Anaemia
Chromosome instability
Pancytopaenia
Genetic association (15 genes associated with Fanconi's anaemia)
Pure Red Cell Aplasia (PRCA)
Rare disorder of erythropoeisis
Isolated loss of erythroid precursors in BM
Reticulocytopaenia, but normal WBC & platelet counts
Red cell agenesis
Erythroblastic hypoplasia
Diamond-Blackfan Syndrome
Acquired & Congenital forms
Acquired PRCA
Causes
Idiopathic
Autoimmune related
Secondary
Transient erythroblastopaenia of childhood
Anaemia of Chronic Kidney Disease
Inadequate renal production of erythropoietin
Haemolysis (extravascular)
Bleeding - abnormal platelet function
Treatment
Dialysis
EPO