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Wk2 Advanced Methods & Quality Control (QC) - Coggle Diagram
Wk2 Advanced Methods & Quality Control (QC)
Chromatography
Separates mixtures into two components
Mobile phase:
Fluid that carries the mixture through the stationary phase
Stationary phase:
Solid material with which the mixture components interact
Mixture components separate based on partitioning between the stationary & mobile phases
Common Types
Thin layer chromatography
Liquid chromatography
Gas chromatography
LC-MS
Clinical assays
Steroids
Hormones
Vit D
Newborn screening
Amino acids
Fatty acids & acylacarnitines
Organic acids
Toxicology
Immunosuppresants
Anti-inflammatories
Antibiotics
Opiates
Cannabis
Mass Spectrometry (MS)
3 components
Ion source - ionises molecules
Mass analyzer - focuses charged ions or ions of interest
Detector - detects ions (m/z)
MS Approaches
Targeted
Used in clinical chemistry
Selective for analytes of interest (example: banned substances)
Instrumentation example: Triple Quadrupole (QqQ)
Untargeted
Non-specific, discovery-based
Used in research labs
Instrumentation example: Time of flight (TOF)
QqQ-MS
Quadrupole systems consist of four rods that are electrically connected
Oscillating electric fields are applied to the rods, allowing specific masses to be transmitted
By varying voltage applied to quadrupole, entire mass range can be scanned continuously
Highly selective technique
High throughput for clinical chemistry assays
TOF-MS
m/z measured by time-of-flight
Can detect thousands of metabolite features with high resolution
Identification often performed retrospectively using chemical databases
Quality Control (QC)
Precision Measurement
Precise: Reproduce same result (measurement of an analyte)
Accurate Measurement
Youden Plots
Used mostly for between lab comparisons (in Quality Assurance Programs, QAP)
Westgard Rules
Method of evaluating QC data & identifying when there is a problem