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The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM V) - Coggle…

- - - - Studies (e.g. Lee, Hoffman, and Kim-Cohen et al.) show that the DSM is valid in its diagnoses. Different mental health issues were chosen in the different studies cited here, which reinforces this conclusion. It is likely that symptoms for alcohol abuse, dependence, cocaine abuse, pathological gambling and ADHD are well-established, given that the DSM had many revisions to date. Different research methods such as interviews and questionnaires yield data that, for those with mental health disorders, match the DSM criteria.
      - The claim that the DSM is valid is supported by the claim that it is reliable, as reliability and validity go together. If the DSM is not reliable, it will not be valid.
      - Great efforts have been made to make the DSM-IV-TR more valid, such as adding culture-bound syndromes.
    - - It has been said that co-morbidity - the state of having more than one mental disorder - is hard to diagnose using the DSM, a system which relies on the user choosing the one closest match from lists of symptoms/features.
      - It could be claimed that splitting a mental disorder into symptoms/features is reductionist and that a holistic approach might be more valid. For example, in counselling situation, symptoms are treated as aspects of the whole person and mental health is the focus, not mental disorder. In counselling a diagnosis is not as important as treating the individual.
      - It is possible that questionnaires and interviews produce the findings they are searching for. For instance, if it is well known that 'children with ADHD are impulsive and hyperactive', and teachers know which children have that label, they will then say that those children are impulsive and hyperactive. The diagnosis is self-fulfilling.