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chemistry 3#- perodicity SL - Coggle Diagram
chemistry 3#- perodicity SL
electron sheilding
it occurs when the electrons block the outer electronic shells so that there is no full attraction from the neucleus.
the valence electrons requires less energy to remove the inner electrons
it remains constant across the period
it increases down the group
nuclear charge and effective nuclear charge
the nuclear charge is given by the atomic number
the other valence electrons do not experience full attraction form the neucleus
it increases as the number of protons also increase
effective nuclear charge is the net positive charge experienced by the valence electrons
the effective nuclear charge is less than the actual charge
atomic radius
the measurement of half the distance between the neighboring neuclei
what happens when the pull gets stronger
atomic radius decreases across the period
nuclear charge increases
effective neuclear charge increases
size decreases
ionization energy decreases
trends in ionic radius down the group
atomic radius increases down the group because the number of occupied energy level increases
the results in weaker attraction between the nucleus and the valence electron.
trends in ionic radius
increases down the group
decreases across the period
increases till the negative ions and then decreases
trends for isoelectric ions
number of the protons increase but electrons remain the same
attraction between neucleus and electrons increases causing the ionic radius to decrease
electronegativity
measure of the ability of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons
trends of electronegativity across a period
effectuve nuclear charge increases
ESF increases
size decreases
Greater nucleic pair to attract the electrons
electroaffinity
energy released when one mole of electron is added to another mole of an gaseous atom.
the first reaction in electron affinity is exothermic
the second reaction has the force of repulsion( electron electron repulsion) and has greater energy than the first reaction.
the second reaction is endothermic
the second reaction is always endothermic because energy is take in to overcome the reaction