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HARRY TRUMAN - Coggle Diagram
HARRY TRUMAN
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He ran his family farm from 1906 to 1917, then he served in France during WWI. After the war, he opened a haberdashery, was a judge on the Jackson Co. Court (1922-24), and attended at Kansas City School of Law (1923-25).
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As senator, he saved about $15 bi economizing with army affairs.
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1945 – On FDR’s death, Truman became president.
- Truman authorized the first uses of atomic bomb (Hiroshima and Nagasaki), bringing WWII to a rapid (and tragic) end.
Truman Doctrine aid to European nations – firstly addressed to Grece and Turkey threatened by Communist takeover.
1944 – US – Allied Forces invaded Europe at Normandy, France (D-Day – June 6), in massive amphibious operation.
- G I Bill of Rights – providing benefits to veterans, signed by FDR.
- Representatives of the US, and other major powers met at Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC, to work out formation of postwar world organization that would become the United Nations.
- US forces landed on Leyte, Philippines.
- FDR elected to fourth turn in November.
- Battle of the Bulge – failed Nazi counteroffensive.
1945 – Yalta Conference, Crimea, met there FDR, Prime-Min. Winston Churchill, and the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin – they agreed that their countries plus France would occupy Germany and that the USSR would enter war against Japan. Marines landed on Iwo Jima declared victory after heavy casualties. US forces invaded Okinawa and captured it.
April 12 – FDR died in Warm Springs, GA.
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July 16 – First Atomic Bomb, produced in Los Alamos, NM, exploded at Alamogordo, NM.
July 17 – Aug. 2 – Potsdam Conference – (Truman as president) Allies agreed on disarmament of Germany, occupation zones, war crimes trials (Nuremberg).
August 6 – bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Japan, killing about 75,000 people.
August 9 – Bomb dropped on Nagasaki, Japan, killing about 40,000 people.
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US forces entered Korea south of 38th parallel to displace Japanese – Gen. Douglas McArthur took over supervision of Japan.
1946 – Baruch Plan – control of nuclear weapons everyone may have the right to supervise each other. The plan failed.
- McArthur protects to Japanese Emperor.
- Heyday of multilateral issues (UN, NATO, ASO, GATT)
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Steal Strike – by 750,000 started Jan. 21, settle in four weeks; April – Strike by 400,000 mine workers began. Other industries followed, such as rial and maritime.
Former Prime-Minister Winston Churchill employed the phrase “Iron Curtain” during a speech at Westminster College in Fulton, MO.
- Atomic Bomb tested in Bikini Atoll in Pacific. (In all, the US conducted 23 nuclear tests between 1946-58).
- July 4 – independence given to Philippines.
1947 – Truman asked Congress for financial and military aid for Greece and Tukey to help combat Communist subversion.
- On May, Truman Doctrine was approved, starting the Cold War days.
- George Kennan – Long Telegram identified as “511” – State Department reads, later it was published on Foreign Affairs, under the title “File X”.
- National Security Law (DoD, CIA, National Security Council)
- The UN Security Council voted to place under the US trusteeship the Pacific Island formerly mandated to Japan.
- The Marshall Plan for US aid to European countries proposed by Sec. of State George Marshall. ($25 bi approved by the Congress, majorly run by Republicans).
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1948-49 – Berlin Blockade – successful foreign policy, raising Truman’s popularity.
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- McArthur dismissed after considering another use of an atomic bomb.
- The dismission of McArthur tears down Truman’s popularity.
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