Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Structures of the Lymphoreticular System (1.18.1.11) - Coggle Diagram
Structures of the Lymphoreticular System (1.18.1.11)
lymphatic system
part of the circulatory system
network
capillaries
ducts
nodes
vessels
carries excess tissue fluid (lymph) back to circulatory system
functions of the lymphatic system
removes excess interstital fluid
transportation of fats
immune defence
removal of excess interstital fluid
flow of lymph
tissue fluid collected by lymphatic capillaries
lymphatic capillaries coverge into vessels
lymphtic vessels converge into ducts
ducts deposit fluid back into the circulatory system
cranial vena cava
net filtration
lymph vessels
flow is unidrectional
similar structure to veins
valves
passive flow
clinical relevance
oedema
swelling
physiologically normal
build up of fluid
lymphoedema
localised fluid retention
obstructions/pathologies
pulmonary oedema
build up of fluid in the lungs
trunks/ducts
thoracic duct is largest
drains into cranial vena cava
originates in cisterna chyli
not visible in prosections
transportation of fats
digestive lymph = chyle
chyle drains into lacteals
lacteals return chyle to cisterna chyli
chylothorax
leakage of chyle into the thoracic cavity
linked to underlying heart disease
linked to tumours
linked to blood clots
chyle has milky appearance
chylomicrons
immune defence
lypmhoid organs
primary lymphoid organs
B Cells
bone marrow
cloacal bursa (birds)
peyers patches (ruminants)
T Cells
thymus
caudal neck and cranial thoracic
young animals = larger
kick start immune system
replaced with fat tissue
histology
cortex
medulla
conncective tissue
invaginations
maturation into T cells
secondary lymphoid organs
spleen
largest lymphoid organ
bean shaped in birds
storage of blood
destruction of old RBCs
red pulp
division of lymphocytes
white pulp
removal of particulate matter
smooth muscle capsule
lymph nodes
MALT (mucosa associated lymphoid tissue)
tonsils
GALT (gut associated lymphoid tissue)
peyers patches
peyers patches
lymph nodes
not lymph glands
located along lymph vessels
superficial vs deep
can palpate superifical
cannot palpate deep
species variation
filters
drainage
enlarged lymph nodes
indicative of pathology
cancerous cells can become lodged in lymph nodes
structure
enclosed by capsule
afferent vs efferent
subCAPSular
as lymph passes through node, lymphocytes are added
macrophages act as filters
clinical
key lymph nodes
dogs
submandibular
prescapular
superficial popliteal
ruminants
subiliac
superficial inguinal (mammary)
horses
retrophrangeal
birds
birds have fewer lymph nodes
many species of birds have no lymph nodes
primary and secondary lymphoid organs
primary
thymus (T cells)
bone marrow
bursa of fabricius
maturation of lymphocytes
secondary
spleen
lymph nodes
peyers patches
primary in ruminants
MALT
adaptive immune response