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How could you determine the acidity of household items? - Coggle Diagram
How could you determine the acidity of household items?
Acidity
What is acidity?
A chemical property of substances that indicates their ability to release hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution
pH level
The pH level is a numerical representation of the acidity of a substance, ranging from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most basic), with 7 being neutral.
Basic - ammonia
Neutral - water
Acidic - lemon juice
Taste
Some acids have distinct tastes, such as sourness in citric acid found in lemons and vinegar.
Factors that can influence acidity
Chemical composition
Concentration of acidic substances
Environmental conditions
Reactions
Acids can participate in various chemical reactions, like neutralization with bases, corrosion of metals, and other chemical transformations.
Chemical properties associated with acidic substances
Release of Hydrogen Ions (H+): Acids are characterized by their ability to release hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. The concentration of these hydrogen ions determines the acidity of the substance.
pH Below 7: Acids have a pH value below 7 on the pH scale.
Proton Donors: Acids act as proton donors, meaning they readily donate H+ ions to other substances, particularly to bases during acid-base reactions.
Corrosive: Strong acids can be corrosive to various materials, including metals and living tissues. They can cause damage upon contact.
Reactivity with Metals: Acids can react with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas and corresponding metal salts.
Electrolytic Conductivity: Acidic solutions conduct electricity due to the presence of free-moving hydrogen ions.
Reaction with Bases: Acids react with bases in neutralization reactions to form water and a salt.
Dissolution of Carbonates: Acids react with carbonate compounds (e.g., calcium carbonate) to release carbon dioxide gas.
Weak and Strong Acids: Acids can be categorized as weak or strong based on their ability to dissociate and release hydrogen ions in water. Strong acids dissociate almost completely in water, while weak acids only partially dissociate.
What is an acid?
Household Items
Types of items
Food
Fruits
Lemon
Lime
Orange
Beverages
Tea
Cleaning
Acetic acid (vinegar)
Various forms of alcohol including isopropyl alcohol or rubbing alcohol
Ammonia solution
Amyl nitrite and other nitrites
Bleach
Citric acid
Medicinal
Antacids
Neutralise stomach acids
Pain relievers
Common acids
Some household items may contain acids in diluted and safe concentrations
Methods to Measure Acidity
pH testing
Use pH strips or litmus paper to dip into the household item and observe the color change to determine the pH level.
Utilise a pH meter to get precise numerical pH readings from the household item.
Indicators
Add a few drops of pH indicator solution (e.g., phenolphthalein or bromothymol blue) to the household item and observe the color change to determine its acidity.
Titration
Perform acid-base titration with a standardized basic solution (e.g., sodium hydroxide) to neutralize the acidic component in the household item and calculate the acidity based on the volume of the basic solution used.
Vinegar and Baking Soda Reaction
Mix a small amount of the household item (e.g., vinegar) with baking soda, and observe the effervescence (bubbling) to determine its acidity.
Taste
Taste the household item (if safe to do so) and assess its acidity based on the sourness or tartness experienced.