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Chemistry Paper 2 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Crude oil and natural gas is formed from dead plankton
        
        coal=made from sedimentary rocks , dead plant
        
        limestone= made from sedimentary rock
    - - 1) Volcanic activity = produces CO2 and other gases in the atmosphere
        
        2) Water vapour in the atmosphere condensed to for the oceans wher carbon dioxide dissolved in
        
        3) years later , algae and green plants formed cause of the photosynthesis theydecreased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and increased oxygen levels
  - - - The problem= us humans produce so much this green house gases and the concentration is increasing , so the greenhouse effect is getting stronger leading to global warming
      - Reasons why the concentration of carbon dioxide is increasing :
        
        burning loads of fossil fuels
        
        deforestation less photosynthesis
      - Reasons why the concentration Methane is increasing:
        
        farm animals produce methane
        
        produce huge amount of waste
    - - Consequences:
        
        Droughts
        
        Hurricane
        
        Sea level rise- warm weather cause ice to melt flow. into the ocean increasing sea level expanding causing flooding
  - - - The benefits of carbon foot prints:
        *we can see how inviromently damaging it is and if it was worth the cost
      - it is hard to measure carbon foot print
    - - Using =
        
        wind
        
        solar
        
        nuclear
      - new laws
        
        Using more manufacturing process, using less energy = to reduce waste
  - - - Incomplete combustion which releases particulates & carbon monoxide
        
        If they are in hailed they damage the lungs
        
        forms clouds leading to sunlight reflected into space
- - - - Pure substance = can only contain only one type of compound or element,
        
        they melt & boil at specific temperatures
        
        Impure substances = don’t have specif melting & boilingover a range of temp depends on quantity of substance in the mixture
      - Formulations =mixtures that have been prepared using a specific formula
        
        contain precise amount of diff. components causing them to hve a particular function eg. Medicin
        
        different components are always the sam proportions & each of the different components might contribute to a different property
    - - Used to separate different substance in a mixture so we can identify it
      - Used to separate different dyes in ink
        
        1) take a piec of filter paper use a pencil to draw the baseline
        2) add the ink that contains different types of substances into the baseline drawn
        3) fill in a shallow amount of solvent eg water or ethenol
        4) place the filter paper into the solvent , don’t submerge baseline and ink
        5) place lid to stop the solvent from escaping and wait for the ink to receive up the paper
        6) Once they are separated out take it out to dry it will result to a chromatogram
        
        Different dyes separate at different rates showing therefore different substance , though the ones that aren’t soluble stay on the baseline
        
        The mobile phase = Substance that molecules can move in eg the solvent
        
        A substance which is more soluble in the mobile phase will spend more time in the mobile phase .This means it will move faster and travel any further distance up the paper
        
        Stationary phase = substance that the molecules can’t move in eg . paper
        
        How far each of the substance travel is dependent on the properties of the substance
        
        Rf value= distance traveled by the substance / distance traveled by the solvent
- - - - 1) extracting and processing the raw materials
        2) manufacturing and packing your product
        3) using your product
        4) disposing of it