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Rodrigo Guadalupe p. 5 Orientation of the body - Coggle Diagram
Rodrigo Guadalupe p. 5 Orientation of the body
Planes and sections
frontal plane- splits front and back
transeverse- splits at hip
midsagittal/median- splits left and right
body planes- body or structures cut for anatomical study
sections- made by body planes
left upper quadrant
liver
right upper quadrant
stomach
spleen
right lower quadrant
ascending colone of large intestine
cecum
appendix
body regions
pedl- foot
patellar- knee
lumbar- lower back
popliteal- knee
axial- neck
planat- bottom foot
carpal- wrist
zygomatic- upper cheek
sternal- between pecs
inguinal- reproduction
directional terms
posterior- towards back
anterior - towards front
superior - towards head
inferior- towards toes
medial- toward inner side of body
lateral - away or outside of body
intermediate- between medial and lateral
proximal- closer to limb
distal- farther from point of attachment
superficial- close to body surface
deep- away from surface
body cavities
dorsal cavity
brain and spinal cord
protects fragile nervous system
ventral cavity
thoracic and abdominal
houses internal organs
thorasic- pleural(lungs)
mediastinum- esophagues, trachea, etc
pericardial - encloses heart
abdominal- stomach, intestines, spleen, lier
pelvic- urinary, reproductive, rectum
9 divisions called regions in abdominal pelvic region
1) right hypochondriac
2) Epigastric
3) left hypochondirac
4) right lumbar
5) umbilical
6) left lumbar
right iliac
hypogastric
left iliac
levels of organization
chemical level- atoms, molecules, and organelles
cellular level- single cell
tissue level- groups of similar cells
organ level- contains 2 or more types of tissue
organ system- organs that work closely together
organism level- all organ systems combined to make organism
all major body system
integumentary system- forms external body, protects tissue from injusry,
skeletal- protects and supports organs, framework for muscle movement
muscular- allows manipulation of environment
nervous- responds to internal and external changes
endocrine- glands, growth, reproduction, metabolism
cardiovascular- transport blood, carries oxygen, pumps blood
lymphatic- houses white blood cells,
respitory- keeps blood supplied with oxygen
digestive- breaks down food for nutrient
urinary - eliminates nitrogenous waste from body
homeostasis and feedback
homeostasis- maintenance of stable internal condition
variable changes in opp direction of initial change
neg feedback- most used, reduces or shuts off OG stimulus
pos feedback- response enhances or exaggerates original stimulus, usually confronts infrequent events that do not require continuous adjustment
problems occur when structures stray into other cavities
imbalance leads to disease
control system becomes less efficient with imbalance
if negative feedback mechanisms fail destructive pos takes over (heart failure)