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TOV, WWI: July 1914 - Nov 1918 - Coggle Diagram
TOV
Chapter 1
Was treaty of Versailles fair?
Treaty of Versailles:
motivation and aims of countries in the negotiation
Motivation and aims of countries in negotiation of TOV
France:
wanted Germany to pay heavy reparations
wanted Germany to accept total blame for the war
wanted revenge for the war and compensation for its war loss
Britain:
wanted Germany's navy to be weak > allow Britain to have naval superiority
still wanted Germany to be able to recover economically from war to prevent them falling to communism
USA:
wanted to keep out of future foreign entanglement
Impact of TOV
humiliation:
Germany was greatly angered at having to accept total blame for the war
Germans felt greatly humiliated and wronged
however, they had no choice but to accept the treaty
Reduced territories:
loss resource-rich regions >
damaged Germany's economy
prevented expansion through merger with Austria (as Allies feared it would strengthen Germany's position in Europe)
Military Weakness:
demilrtarisation of Rhineland
harsh limitations placed on Germany's armed forces to ensure Germany would not start another war
Economic Weakness:
Allies had the right to demand compensation from Germany for the huge cost of WWI > further hurt Germany's already suffering economic problems
Germany lost 15% of male population = less workers = not able to pay Allies on time
France accused Germany of sabotaging its economy and invaded Ruhr and confiscated coal and other goods as payment
> worsened economic crisis
Impact of the WWI:
Germany did not feel that it had been defeated and expected and consulted on the terms of the treaty
Political impact:
new nation-states and boundaries created
resistance against war and conflict
Economical Impact:
economic debt
high unemployment
Social Impact:
equality for women
racial equality
class equality
loss of lives
What was the main reason for the weakness of LON?
Structural Weakness
lack of authority and credibility:
peacekeeping measures of League was inadequate and inefficient
Italy, Japan and Germany expansionist goals were not stopped in 1930
Limited membership:
31/40 countries apart of LON were on the side of Allies > impression that LON is "winners club"
Germany, USSR not allowed to join as they were seen as threats
Post-War attitudes
Insufficient Military:
after WWI, member countries did not have sufficient military power to apply sanctions or deal with military threats from powerful countries
Only British Royal Navy and French Army strong enough to deal with military threats
LON aimed to achieve disarmament > However, LON members were unwilling to do so in fear of protecting their own interests and territories
= distrust
Key failures:
(further explored in Cold War)
Manchuria
Abyssinia
WWI: July 1914 - Nov 1918