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4.2 Protestant Reformation - Coggle Diagram
4.2 Protestant Reformation
Context
Abuses
"nepotism was taken for granted" (Claveau)
Black Plague
“Self-seeking and spiritually unqualified” (Claveau)
“The quality of the Church seriously declined in the latter fourteenth century” (Claveau)
Leo X
"since God has given us the papacy, let us enjoy it"
Renaissance
"man can make whatever he likes of himself" (Alberti)
Printing Press
invented in 1440 and allowed texts to be handwritten
Sale of Indulgences
"indulgences were degraded almost entirely into financial transactions"
95 Theses
Luther criticises the Pope over the sale of indulgences, arguing that he should "empty purgatory for the sake of holy love" (Thesis 82), instead of selling them corruptly.
Luther attacks the Church and denounces the sale of indulgences, saying that indulgences are "nets with which one now fishes for the wealth of men" (Thesis 66)
Impact
Tradition
Challenge
Society
Challenge
Unorthodox Theology
Sola Gratia
"A righteous man sins in all his good works" (Luther)
"Total depravity" (Luther)
Sola Scripture
"I do not accept the authority of the popes and councils" (Luther)
"It consists the Word of God and true faith".
Sola Fide
"The righteous shall live by faith" (Romans 1:17)
95 Theses
Stance
Long Term Stances
Modern Stances
Short Term Stances
Response
Long-term responses
Modern responses
" Catholics and Lutherans should always begin from the perspective of unity" Luther-Catholic Common Prayer.
"The restoration of unity among all Christians is one of the principal concerns of the Second Vatican Council" (Unitatis Redintegratio)
Vatican II, Unitatis Redintegratio, refers to Protestants as "separated brethren" rather than the Council of Trent "heretics".
Short-term responses
Charles V, Diet of Worms (1521).
Papal bull (Exsurge Domine).
June 1519 - public debate with Johann Eck.
"Fatherly scolding" from Cardinal Cajetan.
Excommunication of Martin Luther.