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2) MESOLITHIC OR MIDDLE AGE, 6) IRON AGE, 4) MIDDLE NEOLITHIC, ROMAN…

- - - - Tribal states
        
        Celtic tongue
      - Warriors
      - Druids (belied in nature gods)
        
        priests, judges, doctors, historians
      - Economy
        
        trade exports
- - - - gradual process
- - - - New styles of metalwork and pottery
        
        swords
      - Horse riding
      - Hillforts
        
        To protect settlements
    - - Settlements of round houses
- - - - Separate kingdoms
        
        Lack of national unity
        
        WITAN
      - Open field system (communal)
        
        Large fields divided up
        
        cooperative
        
        no exhaustion of land
        
        Christianity (7th Cen.)
        
        Celtic
        
        monastery
        
        missionaries
        
        preaching
        
        no interest in power
        
        Roman
        
        hierarchial structure
        
        interested in power
        
        centralized figure
- - - - 842
        
        By 865 they conquered all of Britain
        
        KING ALFRED (Wessex) captured London
        
        875
        
        Built settlements to keep them out (boroughs)
- - - - Edward the Elder comes to throne
        
        reconquers Danelaw
      - 925
        
        Athelstan becomes King of all England
        
        940
        
        Edmund comes as Alfred's successor
        
        946
        
        Edred chosen by Witan (agreed upon Danes, English and Welshmen). Union?
        
        955
        
        King Edwy
        
        Problematic personality and despised the Church
        
        959
        
        Edward the Peaceful
        
        3 more items...
- - - - Conquest of Gaul by Giulius Caesar
        
        Diplomatic relations with tribes before conquest exerting political influence
        
        New settlements in the South and below Hadrian's Wall
        
        Giulius' attemps: 55 BC and 54 BC
        
        Annexation: 43 AD
        
        Druids are killed
        
        Strong Roman discipline
        
        Reading and writing
    - - Exchange of luxury goods
        
        wine, slaves, minerals, grain
        
        Trading = romanized
        
        Latin tongue
        
        Indirect ruling
        
        From conquest to settlement
        
        JULIUS AGRICOLA (AD 78)
        
        Courts of justice
        
        Building of better houses
        
        Spreading of Latin tongue
        
        Lower taxes
        
        Christianity
        
        Roman towns (villas, towns, baths)
- - - - Divided Caledonian northern tribes from Roman rule
- - - - gets killed by King of Mercia
        
        invasion of Northumbria
- - - - Opt for Roman communion
        
        King was sent from God
        
        Increased state power
        
        More education
        
        Greatest civilizing influence
        
        Monks copying
        
        First written records
        
        Venerable Bede
        
        Old English
        
        Archbishop: Theodor of Tarsus