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Gyroscopes - Coggle Diagram

- - - - At high altitudes, the suction/air supply is inefficient due to low pressure.
      - Dust and moisture in the air supply will impair the gyro in time.
- - - - Horizonal axis gyro spinning at a relatively slow rate is mounted in a horizontal gymbal.
      - Has freedom in one plane only, roll plane
      - As the aircraft enters a left turn, the gyro axis will oppose the turn and produce a precessional force a the left hand side of the axis.
      - As the rotor tilts, the left hand spring stretches, producing a secondary force
- - - - Rapid detection of attitude changes
      - Smooth corrective action is possible AKA Rate/Rate control
- - - - Every gyro is subject to this
      - Caused by asymmetric friction in the bearings at the spin axis and random forces due to turbulence.
    - - A gyro maintains its direction relative to a fixed point in space, the earth rotates on its axis, thus the gyro as seen from the earth appears to drift
    - - Corrects the gyro for apparent wander du to the Earths Rotation
      - Southern Hemisphere
        
        Rider nut is balanced by a weight at the opp side of the gyro axis. IF rider nut is screwed outwards, a force F acts in the vertical due to unbalanced weights.
      - Northern Hemisphere
        
        In Northern Hemisphere, rider nut is screwed inwards. Vertical force now acts through the balance weight.
    - - Northern Hem - Readings decrease. Southern hem Readings Increase
    - - North of Balanced Latitude - Readings decrease. South of balanced latitude readings increase.
- - - - The rotor is in a sealed case which acts as the inner gimbal
      - Air leaves case through exhaust ports mounted at the base.
      - A guide pin mounted on the inner gimbal fits in to a circular slot on the outer gimbal which connects to the horizon bar.
    - - Attached to the inner gimbal is the pendulous vane unit which provides gyro control. It ties the gyro axis to the true vertical and the gyro rotor to the horizontal plane.
  - - - Pendulous unit makes the rotor bottom heavy and thus is subject to inertial forces generated by acceleration and centrifugal force in the turn.
      - Any force applied to a gyro will result in gyro precession
    - - The vanes should remain in the true vertical and keep the gyro axis vertical otherwise, inertial forces will affect the gyro.
  - - - A laterally mounted liquid levelling switch is located parallel to the pitch axis.
      - When switch detects displacement, it activates a torque motor so that correcting torque is applied around pitch axis.
    - - A levelling switch mounted in roll axis, detects displacement in pitch and activates torque motor so that correcting torque is applied around roll axis.
- - - - Rigidity in space(R)
        
        A spinning gyro will maintain its axis in a constant direction in space. aka gyro inertia
        
        Rigidity depends on several design factors
        
        Speed (S)
        
        The higher the rotational speed, the greater the rigidity (resistance to deflection)
        
        Gyro inertia
        
        Maximum inertia is obtained when the mass o the gyro is concentrated near the rim of the rotating high speed. Greater mass = greater rigidity.
    - - If a force is applied to a gyro, the gyro will resist movement in the direction of the applied force, but will precess at right angles to the applied force, in the direction of gyro spin.