Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Alayna Dixon Period 3: Organization of the Body - Coggle Diagram
Alayna Dixon Period 3:
Organization of the Body
BODY REGIONS
Right and Left Hypochondriac: The sides of the Epigastric region and are at the upper right and left
Epigastric Region: The upper center
Left and Right Lateral: The side of the Umbilical region and are at the center left and right
Umbilical Region: The Center of all regions, closer to the belly button
Left and Right Inguinal : The sides of the pubic region and are at the lower left and right
Pubic Region: The lower center
BODY CAVITIES
Axial Portion: The axial portion contains the head neck and trunk
Appendicular Portion: The appendicular portion contains the upper and lower limbs.
Cranial Cavity: Contains the brain
Vertebral Canal: The vertebral canal contains the spinal cord
Thoracic Cavity: contains, heart, lungs and mediastinum
Abdominopelvic Cavity:The abdominopelvic cavity has the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity. The abdominal cavity contains, the stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, kidneys and most of the intestines. The pelvic cavity contains the end of the large intestines, urinary bladder, and internal reproductive organs
Oral Cavity: Contains the mouth area, tongue and teeth
Nasal Cavity: Inside nose; divide into left and right portions by nasal septum and contains sinuses
Orbital Cavities: Contains eyes along with their nerves and skeletal muscles
Middle Ear Cavities: Contains middle ear bones
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
Atoms: Atoms are the smallest unit of chemical
Molecules: Molecules consist of two or more atoms
Organelles: Organelles are aggregates of macromolecules used to carry out specific function in a cell; this is the first level of organization found in living organisms
Cells: Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things
Tissues: Tissues are groups of cells that function together
Organs: Organs are groups of tissues with specialized functions
Organ Systems: Organ systems are groups of organs that function together
Organisms: Organisms are composed of organ systems functioning together
Macromolecules: Macromolecules are larger particles composed of small molecules bound together
DIRECTIONAL TERMS
Superior : Top of Body
Inferior: Bottom of Body
Dorsal: Backside of Body
Ventral: Front-side of Body
Left
Right
Proximal: Closer to where limb is attached to trunk. (only on the same limb)
Distal: Further from where limb connects to trunk (only on the same limb)
Medial: Further from the midline of body
Lateral: Closer to the midline of body
PLANES AND SECTIONS OF THE BODY
Frontal (Coronal) Plane: A cut made from the sides of the body separating the anterior and posterior sides
Transverse (Horizontal) Plane: A plane that makes a horizontal cut through the center of an organism separating the top and bottom of the organism
Median (Midsagittal) Plane: A vertical cut that is in the center of an organism splitting it from left and right
Parasagittal Plane: A vertical cut that is off center separating the left and right of an organism
ALL MAJOR BODY SYSTEMS
Cardiovascular System: Includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood. This system distributes oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and hormones while removing wastes from cells.
Digestive System: Includes mouth, tongue, teeth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines and accessory organs. This system receives, breaks down, absorbs and excretes waste
Urinary System: Includes kidneys, ureters, bladders and urethra. This system removes wastes from the blood to help maintain water and electrolyte balance. Produces and eliminates urine.
Male Reproductive System: Includes testes, scrotum, epididymides, ductus deferntia, seminal vesicles, prostate glands, penis and urethra. This system produces and maintains sperm and conducts them to the female reproductive tract
Skeletal System: Has bones, ligaments and cartilages. This systems protects soft tissues provides frameworks for the body, stores inorganic salt and houses tissues that create blood cells
Muscular System: Muscles provide movement, posture and is a major source of body heat
Nervous System: Has the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sensory organs. Nerve cells function in either the sensory reception, integration of incoming information or stimulation of muscles and glands
Integumentary System:Has skin, hair, nails, sweat glands and sebaceous glands. This system protects, underlying tissue, helps with regulating body temperature and sense changed through a variety of receptors to synthesize certain products
Endocrine System: Has all glands that secrete chemical messengers called hormones. This system includes, the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pineal, thymus glanfs, pancreas, overies and testes
Hormones alter your metabolism
Lymphatic System: Includes lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen and lymph (fluid). This system drains excess fluid and returns it to bloodstream and defends body against infections
Respiratory System: Includes lungs, nasal cavity, phaynx,larynx, trachea and bronchi. This system moves air into and out of lungs and exchanges oxygen with carbon dioxide between blood and air
Female Reproductive System: Includes ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris and vulva. This system produces female sex cells (egg cells or oocytes), receives male sex cells for fertilization and houses the developing offspring and functions for childbirth
HOMEOSTASIS AND FEEDBACK LOOPS
Heat: Form of energy produced in metabolic reactions. Temperature controls reaction in body
Pressure: Force applied to something. Atmosphere pressure is needed for breathing. Hydrostatic (fluid) pressure is needed to move blood through blood vessels, to deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells
Food: Must supply proper quality and quantity of nutrients
Oxygen: Used to release energy from food
Set-Point (Control Center): The set point is the normal value for a particular variable, which the body tries to maintain
Water: Most abundant chemical in the body. Is required for many metabolic processes. Provides environment for internal processes. Transport medium. Regulates body temperature. Makes up inter cellular and extra cellular fluids
Effectors: Effectors are muscle cells or glands that bring about the change necessary to bring a variable back to its set point or normal range
Response: When the change is corrected
Receptors (Stimuli): Receptors are structures that monitor deviations from set point, and provide information about changes in specific conditions (stimuli) in the internal environment
Thermoreceptors: In both cold and hot environments thermoreceptors detect drop/rise in temperature and send signals to the control center
Blood Vessels: When in cold environment the blood vesseks in the skin contrict to prevent heat loss through the skin and conserve heat
When in hot environment blood vessels in the skin dialate to lose heat.
Sweat Glands: When in cold environment sweat glands remain active.
When in hot environment sweat glands are activated to secrete sweat keeping the body cool
