Article 70 of the German constitution states that all law making powers are reserved to German states unless they are outlined in the Basic Law [https://www.dw.com/en/german-federalism-covid-challenges-the-system/a-57042552]

Almost all major policies that a German government would wish to pass require the unanimous consent of the state leaders [https://www.dw.com/en/german-federalism-covid-challenges-the-system/a-57042552].

The Bundesrat is the seccond body of the German legislative system that is made up of members of state legislators, its consent is required for the passing of some laws and all constitutional reforms. [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bundesrat-German-government]

Any that would impact the states [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bundesrat-German-government] (3)

The Bundesrat can vote on any bill and if 2/3rds of it votes against the bill which forces the Bunderstag to hold another vote with a 2/3rds threshhold [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bundesrat-German-government] (4)

Can introduce legislation [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bundesrat-German-government] (5).

The Bundesrat has to ratify treatries [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bundesrat-German-government] (9)

French Communes are the lowest of government power that focuses on people's daily lives focuses on devleopment of economic and social development [http://www.citymayors.com/france/france_gov.html#:~:text=Three%20tiers%20of%20local%20government,with%20powers%20of%20their%20own.]

These are the next powers up on the ring with powers focused on health and social care, rural capital works, roads, some education funding. [http://www.citymayors.com/france/france_gov.html#:~:text=Three%20tiers%20of%20local%20government,with%20powers%20of%20their%20own.]

These are the powers just below the central government with powers focused on planning, regional town and country planning, economic development and expanded education powers. [http://www.citymayors.com/france/france_gov.html#:~:text=Three%20tiers%20of%20local%20government,with%20powers%20of%20their%20own.]

France is a unitary state with most of its power located in the central government and in particular with the president, in some ways this is very similar to the UK, but an important differences is that in France federal powers are equal between each level meanwhile in the UK devolution is different (i.e. differences between England, Scotland and Wales).

Both Germany and France have powers evenly split between in their different powers. Unlike in the UK where the powers of England are different to that of the over nations.

English counciles have reletily minimal powers with very little legislative powers and minimal finance powers (they can't borrow money and only 7% of all taxes (value) were raised by local government whilst in Germany over 30% of tax was raised at a state level [https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/explainer/local-government-funding-england#:~:text=While%20grants%20from%20central%20government,22%20compared%20to%202009%2F10.] states are also quite powerful in the legislative process in many European countries with both Germany and the Netherlands regional governance have a role in the legislative process.