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Evolution - Part 2, hairy, walked like gorillas & chimpanzees. -…
Evolution - Part 2
9. ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF MAN
15 mya
Ramapithecus
more man-like
Dryopithecus
more ape-like
3-4 mya
Few fossils of man-like bones-Ethiopia &Tanzania
man-like primates walked in eastern Africa
not taller than 4 feet but walked upright
2 mya
Australopithecines
East African grasslands
Hunt - stone weapons but ate fruit
Homo habilis
first human-like being the hominid
650-800cc
did not eat meat
1.5 mya
Homo erectus
Java fossils - 1891
900 cc
eat meat
1,00,000-40,000
years back
Neanderthal man
near east and central Asia
1400 cc
hides & buried dead
Ice age b/w 75,000-10,000 years ago
Homo sapiens
arose in Africa & spread
Pre-historic cave art -18,000 years ago
Bhimbetka rock shelter in Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh
Agriculture - 10,000 years back
Human settlements
5. BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION
Metabolic Capability
Darwinian theory
Key - Branching descent & natural selection
Adaptive ability
Lamarck
use and disuse of organs
Giraffes
Evolution - Process/Result of process
Thomas Malthus
theoretically population size grow exponentially - reproduced maximally
How in reality?
6. MECHANISM OF EVOLUTION
Mendel
Inheritable factors
Darwin
Hugo de vries - 1st decade of 20th century
Evening primrose - mutations
Speciation - Saltation
Darwinian variations small directional
7. HARDY-WEINBERG PRINCIPLE
Gene pool remains a constant
Genetic equilibrium
Sum total of all the allelic frequencies is 1 p2+2pq+q2=1
5 factors
Founder effect
Stabilising, Directional, Disruptional
8. BRIEF ACCOUNT OF EVOLUTION
2000 mya - first cellular forms of life
Some cells - Release o2 - Light reaction
500 mya - invertebrates
350 mya
320 mya - Sea weeds & few plants
200 mya - Reptiles to fishes - Ichthyosaurs
65 mya - dinosaur extinct - unknown (refer)
Mammals dominated - 1st - shrews - continental drift - water mammals
Fish with stout and strong fins - move on land and go back to water
1938, a fish - South Africa -
Coelacanth
Lobefins - 1st Amphibians on both land & water
Ancestors of frogs & Salamander
1 more item...
Jawless fish
hairy, walked like gorillas & chimpanzees.