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:red_flag: defining and :silhouettes: non-defining relative clause -…
:red_flag:
defining
and :silhouettes:
non-defining
relative clause
:red_flag:
Defining
relative clause
Which one of a group we are talking about
(if remove it doesn't make complete sense)
That
(informal) :check: instead of
who/which
/ etc
That's the doctor
that
did Karen's operation.
:!: (Formal)
Who
- people,
Which
- things
NO
commas
That's the doctor
who
did Karen's operation.
we can
omit
:check: relative pronoun (
if it's the OBJECT
) who/ when/where/why.
That's the doctor
who
she saw
. (formal)
That's the doctor
she saw
. (less formal)
Relative clause
subject
and
object
Subject
There were many
people
who
(it's about the people) doubted that Marconi would ever succeed.
That
as :!: subject :!:
after
:star: something / anything
:star: all, little, much, none
:star: noun phrase with superlative ( the closest friend)
These walls are
all
that
remain of the city.
Object
Augusto Righi
was an Italian physicist
who
(it's Augusto) Marconi studied (S + V) with in the 1890s.
:!!:
Whom
(formal)
That
or
no relative pronoun
as :!: object :!: after
something/ anything/ all
/
noun phrases with superlative
/ etc.
She's one of
the kindest people
(
that
) I know. (NOT ... who I know :red_cross:)
:silhouettes:
Non-defining
relative clause
Extra information
(can be removed and a sentence still makes sense)
Cannot
use :forbidden:
THAT
:forbidden: instead of
who
:!?:
That
can be used instead of
which
when we speak about
things
. (Info:
Advanced Grammar in Use by Martin Hewings
)
Relative clause
subject
and
object
Subject
The story of radio probably begins with
Heinrich Hertz
,
who
(Heinrich Hertz) was the first to produce radio waves in a laboratory.
Object
Augusto Righi
,
who
Marconi respected (S + V) greatly, guided his research
:!!:
Whom
(formal)
Commas
are used
Dr Lake
,
who
is an experienced surgeon
,
is my uncle.
Cannot
omit :forbidden:
relative pronoun
:forbidden:
Dr Lake
,
who
is my uncle
,
is 50 years old.