11.The overall effect on HbA1c was −0.55, suggesting a moderate effect size, with HbA1c decreasing Significantly after nursing interventions. Among the nursing interventions, the overall effect on HbA1c of nurse management programs, home visiting, and customized programs was −0.25, −0.61, and −0.65, respectively, a small or medium effect size, and
was statistically significant. Healthcare