Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Cellular Respiration - Coggle Diagram
Cellular Respiration
Glucose molecule
1. Energy Investment
2 ATP--> 2 ADP. Involves the first 5 steps of glycolysis.
Other enzymes are involved for glucose catabolism as well.
2. Energy Generation
Involves the last 5 steps of glycolysis.
2 ADP --> 2 ATP
Glycolysis creates 4 ATP; the net gain is 2 ATP.
2 Pyruvates:
3 carbon each.
2 NAD+
-->
2 NADH
Because the glycolysis breaks down the covalent bonds in the glucose, NAD+ acts as an electron acceptor to create NADH.
-Reduction reaction: gains e- and hydrogen.
2. Pyruvate Oxidation
The product of glycolysis, the 2 pyruvates (3C), oxidizes to create Acetyl (2C).
-This process travels from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrial matrix.
3. Citric Acid/ Krebs Cycle
-Occurs in mitochondrial matrix
-Anabolic
Acetyl
binds with
Oxaloacetic acid
(OAA)
+
Citric Acid
is created. (6C)
(Listed reactants and products along citric acid cycle: )
3 NAD+
-->
3 NADH
ADP + Pi
-->
1 ATP
FAD
-->
1 FADH2
*FAD and NAD+ acts as batteries in cellular respiration as they accept the high energy electrons for the electron transport chain.
OAA
is being cycled after 2 CO2 was released from the citric acid, and can be used at the start of the cycle with the acetyl group.
GDP + Pi
-->
1 GTP
(energy-carrying molecule equivalent to ATP)
4 CO2
leaving the cell.
Coenzyme A
unbinds with the acetyl group. -It is used again in pyruvate oxidation.
4. Electron Transport Chain
- Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane
ETC includes various proteins on the membrane that aids in electron transport for energy since they
cannot travel by themselves.
NADH
-->
NAD+
Electrons from this oxidation reactions is carried into each protein in the membrane responsible for electron transport, Complex I through IV and other perpipheral proteins.
The electrons pass through Complex IV and binds with the last and strongest electron acceptor:
Oxygen,
to form
H2O
(H+ from ATP synthase in chemiosmosis).
4.5. Chemiosmosis
Chemiosmosis involves the ATP synthase protein on the membrane.
The large quantity of H+ ions is attacted to the negativity in the matrix. The ions travel through the ATP synthase which powers the reaction of
ADP + Pi
-->
ATP
Producing at most 38 ATP molecules overall.
Hydrogen ions
travel outside and into the intermembrane space as a result of NADH --> NAD+, thus lowering the pH and increasing the positive charge.
Pyruvate
A carboxyl group is removed from the pyruvate, resulting in
CO2
leaving the cell, per pyruvate.
NAD+
-->
NADH
Pyruvate oxidizes and donates electrons. NAD+ accepts these e- and creates NADH
An
acetyl
group is created through the oxidation.
The acetyl group bonds with Coenzyme A to create:
2 Acetyl-CoA
Pyruvate passes through outer membrane of the mitochondria through integral protein.
1. Glycolysis
-The first step of cellular respiration is glycolysis. It a catabolic reaction as it breaks down the glucose (6C) to create: 2 pyruvates (3C), 2 net ATP, and 2 NADH. It is anaerobic and occurs in the cytoplasm
-Anaerobic
-Occurs in the cytoplasm
Formula: C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 --> 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + ATP
