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cell structure (strand 2) - Coggle Diagram
cell structure (strand 2)
eukaryotic organelles
cell surface membrane ~ made up of phospholipids and proteins, and controls entry and exit of substances into and out of the cell
nucleus ~ contains chromosomes and DNA and controls structure and function of the cell
mitochondria ~ double membrane, inner membrane folded into cristae for large SA (internal space is called the matrix), site of aerobic respiration and produce energy in ATP
chloroplast ~ carry out photosynthesis and have a green pigment called chlorophyll
ribosomes ~ site of protein synthesis, made in the nucleolus and made from protein and RNA, found in the cytoplasm and rough endoplasmic reticulum
lysosomes ~ hydrolyse material ingested by phagocytic cells, release enzymes to the outside of the cell in order to destroy surrounding material, digests and engulfs organelles
nuclear envelope ~ a double membrane surrounding the nucleus
nuclear pores ~ pores on the nuclear envelope that allow large molecules such as mRNA to leave the nucleus
nucleolus ~ small, spherical region of the nucleus that manufactures ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomes
rough endoplasmic reticulum ~ ribosomes on its surface with a large SA to allow for protein synthesis, allows proteins to be transported around the cell
smooth endoplasmic reticulum ~ stores, transports and synthesises lipids and carbhoydrates
golgi apparatus ~ consists of cisternae for a large SA, this enables it to add carbohydrates to proteins to form glycoproteins, produce secretory enzymes, secrete carbohydrates, allow for the transporting, modification and storing of lipids and forms lysosomes
vesicles ~ transports molecules other than enzymes throughout the cells ie lipids
cell wall ~ made up of cellulose and provides a boundary to the cell
cell vacuole ~ helps maintain pressure in a plant cell and stores substances
prokaryotic cells
flagellum ~ may be more than one, used for movement
capsule ~ a layer of polysaccharides that helps molecules become adhesive to others
genetic material ~ loop of DNA
ribosomes ~ smaller than eukaryotic cells
cell surface membrane
plasmid ~ small circular pieces of DNA
cytoplasm ~ contains enzymes and other soluble materials
cell wall