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STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN ANIMALS - Part 1 - Coggle Diagram
STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN
ANIMALS - Part 1
1. Animal Tissues
(i) Epithelial Tissue/Epithelium-
free surface- little intercellular matrix**
A. Simple epithelium
- single layer of cells - lining for body cavities, ducts, and tubes
(i) Squamous
flattened
cells with irregular boundaries
walls of blood vessels
and air sacs of lungs
Diffusion boundary
(ii) Cuboidal
ducts of glands and tubular
parts of nephrons in kidneys
secretion and
absorption
cube-like cells
(iii) Columnar
lining of stomach and intestine
Help in secretion and
absorption
ciliated epithelium
move particles or mucus over the epithelium
inner surface of hollow organs like bronchioles and fallopian tubes
glandular epithelium
unicellular, isolated glandular cells (goblet cells of alimentary canal)
multicellular, cluster of cells (salivary gland)
exocrine and endocrine glands
tall and slender cells
Basis - structural modification
B. Compound epithelium
- two or more cell layers - our skin - limited role in secretion and absorption.
protection against chemical and mechanical stresses
cover the dry surface of the skin, the moist surface of buccal cavity, pharynx, inner lining of ducts of salivary glands and of pancreatic ducts.
Tight Junctions
Prevent leakage across a tissue.
Adhering Junctions
Cementing neighbouring cells
Gap Junctions
Communication
(ii) Connective
most abundant, widely distributed - Collagen/elastin (except blood) - function, matrix (modified (CHO)n)
1. Loose connective tissue
A. Areolar tissue
Support framework for epithelium - fibroblasts, macrophages & mast cells
B. Adipose tissue
Beneath skin - Store fats (excess nutrients to fat)
cells & fibres loosely
arranged in semi-fluid ground substance
2. Dense connective tissues
A. Dense regular
regular
collagen fibres present in rows
b/w many parallel bundles of fibres
Tendons- muscle to bone, ligaments - bone to bone
B. Dense irregular
Irregular
Fibroblasts &mostly collagen fibres
Skin
Fibres & fibroblasts compactly packed
3. Specialised connective tissue
A. Cartilage
solid & pliable
resists compression
Chondrocytes - matrix
tip of nose, outer ear joints, b/w adjacent bones of the vertebral column, limbs & hands in adults.
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B. Bones
hard & non-pliable
rich in Ca & collagen fibres
Osteocytes - Lacunae
Limb bones - Legs - weight-bearing Fn, Bone marrow - Blood cells
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C. Blood
Fluid Connective Tissue
plasma,
RBC, WBC & platelets
main circulating fluid
transport of various substances
(iii) Muscle
long,cylindrical fibres in parallel arrays - Fibres - myofibrils - Contract & relax
Skeletal muscle
Bundled in parallel - Sheath of Tough CT
Striped - Biceps
Voluntary
smooth muscle
Fusiform - Bundles in CT sheath
unstriped - wall of internal organs - blood vessels, stomach&intestine
Involuntary
Cardiac muscle
Contractile Tissue- Heart
Cell Junctions fuse PM of CM cells - sticky
Intercalated discs (commun Jn) at some fusion pt - allow cells to contract as a unit
Involuntary
(iv) Neural
Neurons - excitable cells
Neuroglia - protect & support neuron - more than one-half volume NT
Stimuli Conduction