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Community Nursing Process, 6310410015 นางสาวกุลิสรา ดีไร่ - Coggle Diagram
Community Nursing Process
1. Assessment
1.2 Data collection
Planning for data collection
• Demographic data
: age, sex, education, nationality, ethnicity, religion, employment, income, marriage rates
• Epidemiological data
: birth and death certificates, population census records
• Data on knowledge, attitudes and practice (also known as behavioural data)
• Data on physical characteristics in the environment.
• Health service data
Define data source
▪ Primary data
▪ Secondary data
Define the method of data collection
▪
Survey
▪
Observation
: participant observation/field, non-Participant
Select the data collection tool
▪ Questionnaire
▪ Interview form
▪ Observation form
▪ Survey form
Select sample size
< 1,000 = 15-30%
< 10,000 = 10-15%
< 100,000 = 5-10%
1.1 Establish a conceptual framework for assessment
Theoretical frameworks
Dever’s epidemiological model
1. Human biology factor
: genetics, physiologic, maturation
2. Environment factor
: physical,
psychological, social
3. Lifestyle factors
: employment, consumption behavior, physical activities, exercise
4. Health care system factor
:
availability, accessibility, utilization
1.3 Data analysis
Data editing
is the process of checking, cleaning the collected data.
2. Establishment of category
is the data classification according to the
conceptual framework used to collect data and in accordance with the objectives.
3. Frequency distribution
is used to organize the collected data in table form
4. Data analysis
should be based on the objectives.
Quantitative or Qualitative data
1.4 Data presentation
Textual
Semi-tabular
Tabular
Graphic
Line graph
Shows trends in data that change over time.
Bar diagram
Histogram
Population pyramid
the breakdown of the population by gender and age at a given point in time
Circle diagram/Pie diagram
the term “pie” represents the whole, and the “slices” represent the parts of the whole.
Pictogram
Anthropological tools for community study
The 7 community tools
• Geo-social mapping
• Genogram
• Community Organizations
• Local Health systems
• Community Calendar
• Local story
• Life story
2. Diagnosis
1. Problem identification
Community health problem equation
(Probable community health - Current community health) x Awareness
Principle of 5 Ds
Death
Disability
Disease
Discomfort
Dissatisfaction
Nominal Group process
Allowing community representatives to decide which issues are the community problem and should be addressed
2. Priority setting
1. Method of the Faculty of Public Health Mahidol University
Size of the problem
Severity of the problem
Ease of management
Community concern or community reaction
2. The Hanlon method
A = Size of problem
B = Seriousness of problem
C = Effectiveness of the intervention
D = Limitation
3. Nominal group process
One man One vote
3. Identified cause of problem
3.1 Review and understand the information obtained from community diagnosis
3.2 Study the nature of the disease/the nature of the problem
3.3 Consider the cause of diseases/problems according to the theoretical concept
3.4 Bring the results of the review to present in the form of the cause-and-effect relationships
web of causation
Fishbone diagram
Problem Tree diagram
Mind mapping diagram
3. Planning
Type of planning
Divided by
period
• Short-term planning
1 year
or less and not more than 2 years
• Medium-term planning
• Long-term planning
5 years or more
3-5 years
Divided by
spatial
• National plan
appointed by the government
• Regional plan
the government has appointed for each region
• Provincial plan
the Provincial Development Board
• District plan
the District Development Board
• Subdistrict plan
the Tambon Council Committee
Divided by
line of work
• National plan
committee appointed by the government
• Ministry plan
• Department plan
a sub-plan of the ministry-level plan
• Division plan
government agencies below the department level
Divided by
the economic principle
• Micro plan
such as a national plan
• Sectoral plan
such as public health development plan, transportation plan
Divided by
function
• Master plan
• Functional plan
• Project plan
• Comprehensive plan
• Activity plan
show the schedule of operations
a summary of the functional plan and the
project plans of the agency
a plan made to meet the policy about the big project of
agencies
a specific plan for the workgroup, which will be
sub-plans in the master plan
cover the overall structure of operations in the department
Project components
• Project title
Be clear (doing something), concise, specific, and interesting
• Reason for project determination
Guidelines for writing the principles and rationale of the project
• Goals
specific period
broad overview without specifying a time period
• Objective
S: Specific
M: Measurable
A: Achievable
R: Relevant
T: Time-bound
• Procedure
• Period
• Specifies the total time from the start of an operation to the completion of the project
• When does the project start?
• When does the end of the project?
• Place
The place where the project is organized
• Target
The person who projects developers want to solve problems
• Budget
The number of people, things, and budget that must be used for implementing the project
Economy
Efficiency
Effectiveness
Equity
• Evaluation
• Expected outcomes
• Project Responsibility
4. Implementation
To allow people in the community to cooperate and participate in community health care from planning, setting goals, implementing, and evaluating.
The roles
collaborator
coordinator
counselor
facilitator
5. Evaluation
Types of Project Evaluation
1. Ex-ante evaluation/Project planning evaluation/
Project appraisal
Cost effectiveness
Feasibility
2. Ongoing project evaluation/Formative evaluation
Process evaluation
Evaluation during a program's implementation
•Successfully recruiting participants
Using appropriate methods and clarity
Maintaining projected timelines
Coordinating efficiently
3. Ex-post project evaluation/Summative evaluation
Efficiency
Percentage of efficiency = (output*100)/input
Effectiveness
Output
results that are achieved immediately after
implementing an activity
Outcome
the change that has occurred as a result of a
program
Impact
An evaluation that occurs after the end of the project, 3 months,
6 months or 1 year
6310410015 นางสาวกุลิสรา ดีไร่