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principles of radiographic interpretation - Coggle Diagram

- - - - teeth-bearing regions of jaw or above IDN in mandible
        
        odontogenic
        
        ameloblastoma
        
        OKC
        
        adenomatoid odontogenic tumour
        
        ameloblastic fibroma(-odontoma)
        
        calcifying cystic odontogenic tumour
        
        dentigerous cyst
        
        odontoma
        
        odontogenic myxoma
        
        cementoblastoma
      - below IDN or up in ramus around condyles
        
        non-odontogenic
        
        central giant cell granuloma
        
        simple bone cavity
        
        aneurusmal bone cyst
        
        Stafne defect
        
        osteoblastoma
        
        osteoma
        
        torus palatinus/ mandibularis
        
        enostosis
      - ductal
        
        nasopalatine duct cyst
      - within IDN canal
        
        neural/vascular
        
        neuroma
        
        neurofibroma
        
        Schwannoma
        
        central hemangioma
        
        arteriovenous fistula
      - max sinus
        
        respiratory epithelium & mucosa
        
        sinusitis
        
        mucous retention pseudocyst
        
        mucocele
  - - - further described as
        
        encapsulated
        
        corticated
        
        non-corticated
      - characteristic of
        
        cysts (eg. periapical/ radicular cyst)
        
        benign tumours (eg. ameloblastoma)
        
        some fibro-osseous lesions (eg. cemento-ossifying fibroma, periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia)
        
        but there are exceptions: well-defined malignancies (eg. multiple myeloma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis)
    - - aggressive benign (eg. mucocele)
      - benign aggressive (eg. central mucoepidermoid Ca)
    - - characteristic of more aggressive lesions because body does not have time to form rxtive bone
        
        inflammatory (eg. osteomyelitis)
        
        malignant tumours (eg. SCCa)
        
        but there are exceptions, some benign fibro-osseous lesions (eg. fibrous dysplasia, florid osseous dysplasia)
  - - - circular/ovoid
        
        cystic
      - scalloped
        
        OKC/KCOT
        
        simple bone cavity
      - irregular
        
        well-defined
        
        likely benign
        
        ill-defined
        
        unliekley benign
    - - rarely deciding factor, but some exceptions
        
        hyperplastic follicles
        
        but if >5mm, dentigerous cyst
        
        enlarged nasopalatine canal
        
        but if >6mm, nasopalatine duct cyst
        
        periapical granuloma
        
        but if >1cm, periapical cyst
  - - - unilocular
        
        most cysts
        
        some benign tumours
      - multilocular
        
        septae patterns differ in diff tumours (usually benign)
        
        soap bubble/honeycomb in ameloblastoma
        
        tennis racket like in odontogenic myxoma
        
        wheel like in haemangioma
    - - internal calcifications
      - toothlets/denticles
    - - diff patterns in diff conditions
        
        cotton wool in Paget's disease
        
        ground glass in fibrous dysplasia
        
        focal in dense bone island or osteoma
      - rarely malignant, but exceptions: osteosarcoma, metastatic breasts and prostate cancer
  - - - but asymmetrical widening of PDL space & loss of lamina dura can be sign of malignancy
        
        osteosarcoma
        
        chondrosarcoma
        
        lymphoma
        
        leukaemia