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Cells & Stem-Cells - Coggle Diagram
Cells & Stem-Cells
Cells
Cells are the basic units of life. They have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and a nucleus (in most cases). Cells perform essential functions and make up all living organisms, from simple to complex.
Cell's Duty
Cellular Metabolism: Cells convert nutrients into energy, carry out chemical reactions, and maintain a balance of substances within the cell.
Growth and Reproduction: Cells undergo cell division to allow for growth and to replace old or damaged cells.
Gene Expression: Cells use the genetic information stored in DNA to produce proteins and carry out specific functions.
Response to Stimuli: Cells can respond to external signals or changes in the environment, allowing organisms to adapt and survive.
Homeostasis: Cells maintain a stable internal environment by regulating various processes, such as temperature and pH.
Specialized Functions: Different types of cells have specific roles in the body, such as nerve cells transmitting signals, muscle cells contracting, and immune cells defending against infections.
Cell's component
Cell Membrane: Surrounds the cell, controlling substance movement.
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Organelles: Specialized structures like mitochondria, ER, Golgi, etc.
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Stem-Cells
Stem cells are unique cells with the ability to develop into various specialized cell types. They can repair and replenish damaged tissues in the body. There are two main types: embryonic stem cells (from early embryos) and adult stem cells (in various tissues). They hold promise for regenerative medicine but also raise ethical considerations.
Stem cells renew, transform into specialized cells, and treat diseases. Ethical concerns led to alternative approaches like adult stem cells and iPSCs.
Self-Renewal: Stem cells can divide and produce identical copies of themselves, ensuring a continuous supply of stem cells.
Differentiation: Stem cells can differentiate into specialized cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, blood cells, and many others. This ability allows them to replace and repair damaged or diseased tissues.
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