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Judaism - one of the three major Abrahamic faiths alongside Christanity…

- - - - The belief in G‑d's eternity. 5. The imperative to worship G‑d exclusively and no foreign false gods. 6. The belief that G‑d communicates with man through prophecy.
        
        The belief in the primacy of the prophecy of Moses our teacher. 8. The belief in the divine origin of the Torah. 9. The belief in the immutability of the Torah. 10. The belief in G‑d's omniscience and providence.
        
        The belief in divine reward and retribution. 12. The belief in the arrival of the Messiah and the messianic era. 13. The belief in the resurrection of the dead.
- - - - Garden of Eden - the Garden where Adam and Eve were "seduced by the snake" and ate "the forbidden fruit" (Smith 262)
        
        Adam and Eve - the first man and woman on Earth that God created: "male and female He created them. God blessed them and said to them, “Be fertile and increase, fill the earth and master it…" (Novak 166)
        
        Serpent - the slithering creature that seduced Eve to eat the apple from the tree of knowledge, and then she convinced Adam to eat the apple as well: "the shrewdest of all the wild beasts that the LORD God had made" (Novak 167); "When the woman saw that the tree was good for eating and…desirable as a source of wisdom, she took of its fruit and ate. She also gave some to her husband and he ate" (168).
        
        Tree of knowledge of good and evil - the tree that God created to test out Adam's obedience, and later on, Eve was seduced by the serpent to eat from the tree. He told Adam this: “Of every tree of the garden you are free to eat, but as for the tree of knowledge of good and bad, you must not eat of it; for as soon as you eat of it, you shall die.” (Novak 167)
        
        Expulsion from Garden of Eden - Due to the disobedience of both Adam and Eve for eating the apple from the tree of knowledge, God punished both of them: "And to the woman He said, …In pain shall you bear children. Yet your urge shall be for your husband, And he shall rule over you. To Adam He said: “…By the sweat of your brow shall you get bread to eat, Until you return to the ground—
        For from it you were taken. For dust you are, And to dust you shall return.” (Novak 168)
      - Noah - the man appointed by God to take care of animals during the Great Flood:
        "…And when the waters had swelled on the earth one hundred and fifty days, God remembered Noah and…the waters subsided" (Novak 169);
        God further said, “This is the sign that I set for the covenant between Me and you, and every living creature with you, for all ages to come. I have set My bow in the clouds, and it shall serve as a sign of the covenant between Me and the earth” (169).
      - Abraham - the progenitor not only of Judaism, but of Christianity and Islam as well; called upon by God to go to the Promised Land: "The notion of the Promised Land is peculiar to the Israelite religion and for the Israelites and Jews later, it was the most important single element in it…. No race has maintained over so long a period so emotional an attachment to a particular corner of the Earth’s surface” (Novak 169).
        
        Ishmael - thirteen-year-old son of Abraham, who got circumcised:
        "…Then Abraham took his son Ishmael, and…every male in Abraham’s household, and he circumcised the flesh of their foreskins…. Abraham was ninety-nine years old when he circumcised the flesh of his foreskin, and his son Ishmael was thirteen years old…." (Novak 170)
        
        Sarah - Abraham's first wife that didn't bore him any children until years later with Issac (Smith 201 and BBC)
        
        Issac - the circumcised son of Sarah and Abraham, was part of a sacrifice by God for Abraham to kill him, but God stopped him as a way to test his obedience (BBC)
        
        The first covenant between God and the Jewish people is a thread running throughout the early parts of the Bible, and one of the vital pillars of Judaism.
        God asks Abraham to do certain things, in return for which he will take special care of them.
        The covenant between God and Jews is the basis for the idea of the Jews as the chosen people.
        The first covenant was between God and Abraham.
        Jewish men are circumcised as a symbol of this covenant.
    - - The Ten Commandments - the ten rules that God applied to Moses so that he could speak that to the children of Israel (Novak 175)
        
        I the LORD am your God who brought you out of the land of Egypt, the house of bondage: You shall have no other gods beside Me.
        You shall not make for yourself a sculptured image, or any likeness of what is in the heavens above, or on the earth below, on in the waters under the earth.
        
        You shall not swear falsely by the name of the LORD your God
        
        Remember the sabbath day and keep it holy
        
        Honor your father and your mother, that you may long endure on the land that the LORD your God is assigning you.
        You shall not murder.
        You shall not steal.
        You shall not commit adultery.
        You shall not steal.
        You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.
        You shall not covet your neighbor’s house; you shall not covet your neighbor’s wife. (Novak 175-176)
  - - - The prophets did not only look down in righteous indignation; they looked forward in hope for a time when peace and justice would reign and people would live in full cognizance of their sacred birthright. Hope was sometimes personified in the figure of a coming Messiah, and sometimes it was linked to the dawning of a messianic age, alternately conceived as either continuous with present history or as an apocalyptic end of the world resulting in a new order of things. (Novak 185)