Berlin school’s
(1) rich factual knowledge of human nature and human life course;
(2) rich procedural knowledge of possibilities for engaging with life problems.
(3) life-span contextualism (i.e., understanding of multiple contexts of life both socially and historically);
(4) value tolerance and relativism (i.e., understanding of differences between individuals, group and wider social/cultural values and priorities);
(5) knowledge about handling uncertainty (including limits in knowledge, both one’s own and collective, regarding the world at large; Baltes & Staudinger, 2000).