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Challenges in the field of viral diversity - Coggle Diagram
Challenges in the field of viral diversity
anticipating viral evolution
can predict some viral variants, however the ability to predict emergencies are slim.
more tools are required like evaluation of fitness and mutational pathways. RNA is convenient to study due to reoccurring variants in lab and in nature.
it is possible to track spread through sequencing genome data to predict possible tracks of spread
developing more systems
mutational scanning and microfluidics could help making viral diversity in the lab.
it is still hard to capture what would happen in nature.
directional selection has shown viral evolution in the lab with things like HIV experimentation.
3d cultures are helping explain some selective pressures, however most viruses has not been isolated in nature making the strategies limitied.
viral dynamics
few studies have linked reliable information on the rate of evolution process inside and outside the host.
time scale is important, some are seasonal and last a certain amount of time
understanding virosphere
ancestry needs to be studied more to identify new DNA viruses
this will have a better time understanding parasitism
classic virology focus on infecting humans, livestock, and cultivars. We know less than 1% of viruses in nature
Sanjuán R, Illingworth CJR, Geoghegan JL, Iranzo J, Zwart MP, Ciota AT, Moratorio G, Gago-Zachert S, Duffy S, Vijaykrishna D. 2021. Five challenges in the field of viral diversity and evolution. FrontVirol. 1:684949. doi:10.3389/fviro.2021.684949. [accessed 2023 Jul 28].
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fviro.2021.684949/full
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virus-virus interaction
viral products contain share different segments through disturbed infection
high substitution rates make it hard to infer the gene exchange
success sometimes involves the presence of microorganisms. eg. flu susceptible and resistant birds