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6.1.1 Cellular control - Coggle Diagram
6.1.1 Cellular control
types of gene mutations and their possible
effects on protein production and function
types of mutation
Insertion
effect on nucleotide sequence?
Deletion
effect on nucleotide sequence?
Substitution/point
effect on nucleotide sequence?
effect on phenotype
no effect (silent)
eg?
harmful
eg?
beneficial
eg?
effect on protein function
neutral/ silent mutation
effect on the protein?
nonsense mutation
effect on the protein?
missense mutation
effect on the protein?
the regulatory mechanisms that control gene
expression
transcriptional
level
switching genes on and off
lac operon
in prokaryotic cells
draw a diagram to show how the lac operon functions in the presence and absence of glucose
transcriptional factors in eukaryotic cells
making genes
inaccessible
post-transcriptional
level
editing of
primary mRNA
removal of introns to
produce mature mRNA
post-translational
level
the activation of
proteins by cyclic AMP
why does gene expression need to be controlled?
the genetic control of the development of body
plans in different organisms
why are
homeobox gene sequences
in plants, animals and fungi
similar
and
highly conserved
?
draw a diagram to show how
Hox genes
control body plan development at the DNA and protein level?
what do
homeobox/Hox
genes code for and how big are they?
eg how can the control of development by
homeobox genes
be seen in Stage A in the figure of a human embryo?
what is '
polarity
' and how are homeobox genes involved in determining in?
the importance of mitosis and apoptosis as mechanisms controlling the development of body form
the genes which regulate the cell cycle and apoptosis are able to respond to internal and external cell stimuli such as......?
which genes control apoptosis and mitosis in body plan development?
what is the effect of too much apoptosis?
what is the effect of too little apoptosis?
explain how failure of a control mechanism during body plan development can lead to this deformity
